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Course work ¡V Cooling Coffee Cups.

Aim ¡V To investigate the effect of varying the volume of water on how quickly the water cools down.

Background Information.

Thermal Energy ¡V Transfer a drink to surrounding air.

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Convection ¡V Movement of hot materials carrying energy away.

Conduction ¡V Transfer of energy from particles in a material.

Radiation ¡V Transfer of energy via infra-red radiation.

In my experiment, I am going to look at how convection, conduction and radiation cool a coffee cup. I know that eventually the coffee cup will be the same temperature as the air around it.

Hypothesis

I think that different volumes of water will make a difference when cooling, as they will take different amounts of time. This is because of the surface areas. The less water in the coffee cup, the quicker it will cool. The thermal flasks don¡¦t loose much heat as it has an airtight lid. There is a vacuum so no particles can move around or pass to each other. This prevents conduction.

I think that the less water in the coffee cup, the less time it will take to cool. I think this because it will have a smaller surface area and will take less time. The 100ml¡¦s will take the longest to cool as it has a larger surface area and the cooling process will take longer.

Fair Testing/ Variables /Reliable Results.

The things that we will keep the same are the temperature of the water at the beginning and the temperature at the end. It had to finish when it reaches a certain temperature. Eg ¡V 40„ac

The things that we are changing are the amount of water we will put in each flask. We are going to do 0ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml and 100ml. We will also make the same person take the temperature so that it is fair and the results are more accurate and are all jumbled up. We are going to repeat each amount times to make sure are results are accurate.

List of Apparatus.

1. Coffee Cup (base and airtight lid).

. Measuring Cylinder.

. Thermometer.

4. Kettle (with hot water at 70 c).

5. Stopwatch.

This is a diagram of the apparatus that we used and the set up.

Method.

1. First, collect all the apparatus that are listed above.

1. Then measure out the amount of water that is needed.

E.g.0ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml, or 100ml. And place the lid back on the coffee cup. Place a thermometer in the hole on the lid.

1. Start a stopwatch when the thermometer reaches 70„ac.

1. Time and take the results every 0 seconds or 1-minute.

1. When the temperature is about

40 c, then stop timing.

1. Repeat each different amounts of water times, and then do a different amount.

1. Once you have done 0ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml and 100ml, fill in you chart and draw up graphs to help show patterns better

Results.

Conclusion.

My results show me that as the water level increases each time, the slower it takes to cool. I think this also because the more water the larger the surface area and the longer the cooling process takes. My results in the table show me this as the 0ml chart shows that after 0 minutes it went down to 6„ac. But after 100ml had 0 minutes the temperature only went down to 55„ac This shows that it was quicker with less water.

My prediction was right, as this is what I thought would happen and it did.

In the graphs that I have drawn, I have plotted my results and drawn a line of best fit. For the different water levels, the correlation is negative which means that it goes down hill. My graphs show me that the less water that is in the coffee cup, the quicker that it cools down.

Are results show that this did happen and it matches my prediction.

Evaluation.

I think that we did a fair experiment as we said that we would use the same temperature water, and have the same person measure the temperature and we did. This has helped us make sure our results are a little bit more reliable.

As I looked at my chart and graph, I think that we had some anomalous results. This was on the 40ml experiment. After 10 ¡V 1 minutes, the temperature went down then back up again. So it didn¡¦t make the graph totally sloping and you can see that these results looked out of place. Also on the 80ml graph, you can see that one set of results are slightly under the line of best fit and the other results. (Look on graphs, the anomalous results are circled). I think that this is because the thermometer was read wrongly.

We would be able to tell this from the averages, as they would not be close numbers. Eg ¡V 46 and 67.

If I did this experiment again, I would time for longer and see how the results turned out after another 10 or 0 minutes. This would help as you could see if the temperature suddenly drops or if it goes down slowly. Also you could use a wider variety of water measurements and see what happens at 10mls or 50ml etc.

I would improve my accuracy next time by timing and recording my scores every 0 seconds instead of 1 minute and see if it made any difference. It might change the way the graph looked, as you would have more points to plot and a different line of best fit. This could make a difference.

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