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Crutcher Chris Running Loose New York Bentam pub, 18 pg. 1-86

Summary

In this fiction book Running Loose by Chris Crutcher this kid

named Louie Banks is in his hometown of Trout. Crutcher's book is

the young adult type of book. Louie Banks, who is the main character,

is on the football team, it is his senior year of high school, and he has a

girlfriend named Becky.

Louie had this freind, Carter, he practices with Louie during the

offseason and is always there for Louie. Carter is the starting

quarterback and is a good football player and for that matter good at all

sports. Louie likes becky a lot, they go to the drive in, go out to eat and

go to dances.

The football team is doing great. There record for the season

is eight wins and zero loses. There is one last game against Salmon

Rivers and that would detmine if they go to the championship game or

not this year. Salmon Rivers is supposed to be really good, they beat

a team 6 to 6.

The coach wants this game more than anything and so did all

the players, but the coach goes to the next level and wants to play dirty

to win the game. Lednecky, the coach, wants to hurt their all star

quarterback which happens to be black, that is making there team so

good. He tells the team to take any cheap shot or any shot you got on

this number eighteen, the good black quarterback, and get him hurt.

Louie doesn't agree with Lednecky. Louie talked it over with

his family and decides to wait few days to see if the subject went down.

Boomer, which has always hated Louie and Louie never really liked

him. Boomer is a little racist and agrees with the coach. Then Boomer

and Louie get into a little fight and Louie gets a few teeth punched out.

Well, gameday comes up and the subject of hurting the good

quarterback ,Washington, went down so Louie was still on the team.

There having their pre-game talk and the subject of playing dirty came

up again. Lednecky really wants to hurt this kid, he thinks that is there

only chance at winning against Salmon River.

The game started and Washington ran it back for a touchdown

on the first play. Lednecky was raving. The game progessed and

Salmon River had the ball and Washington was rolling out to the right

side of the field, Boomer is going after him. Washington threw the ball

before he goes out of bounds but Boomer acted like he didn't see him

throw the ball or go out of bounds and Boomer put his helmet on his

chest and drives him back into the bench. The refs did not call

anything. Washington has to be takin away on a stecher. Louie is

furious with the cheap shot and told the ref to call a penatly on his

team. Louie then walks off the field, quiting the team.

Louie then goes out to the country in his truck to think. Some

how Boomer finds him out there and wants to fight him and tries

reaching in Louie window and Louie rolled his window up and getting

Boomer's arm stuck. Then Louie begins to drive away with Boomer

running to the side of the truck. Louie then rolls the window down a

little and pushes as hard as he can against the door to throw Boomer

in the ditch.

Reaction

In Running Loose Chris Crutchor uses a variety of literary

techniques. I think, the author, has put this story in a good setting. The

setting is in a little town out in the country with not very many

neighboring towns and its football season so it must be in the fall.

Theres also a really good dilemma that Louie must decide about. He

has to decide if he wants to stay on the football team and do what the

coach says or quit the team and look like a jerk. This book is also

really good at showing Imagery. For example, "Friday dawned cool

and clear. The smoke from the stack down at the sawmill runs straight

up in a long white cloud. The trees are turning yellow and red, and the

temperature will get up to sixty or so by game time" (55). Another

example is, "We play eight-man football in Trout , mostly because in

any given year at least two teams in the league couldn't field an

eleven-man team without using their cheerleaders"(10).

I think Louie Banks is a smart guy, he knows when things are

wrong and when to stand up for his beleifs. I think that Carter is a

good athlete, he doesn't play dirty and is a good freind. I think that

Boomer is a good athlete but he has to play dirty and thinks too highly

of himself.

My favorite part of this story so far is when Louie traps

Boomers arm in his window and takes off then opens the door really

fast to throw him in the ditch. I likes that part because he stood up for

himself. My least favorite part of the story was when the book started

and was telling me about the town and Louie's girlfreind. I didn't like

that part because it seemed boring to me.

I connected to this story with this movie I saw once. It was

about a football team that would do anything to win the game. It was

called The Final Play, it was a good movie. I remember a part when

the coach told the team that it didn't matter when the whistle blows.

I connected to this story to myself with how Louie stood up for

himself. I also stand up for myself when I have too. Louie knows what

is wrong and good. I also know what is wrong and good.

I connected this to society by our football team had to win this

game to go to the championship game. Our team didn't however play

dirty to win but they still have to beat Fort Scott to advance on to the

next level. Like Trout had to beat Salmon rivers to advance on.

I agree with the author on this book. He did a good job and

made a good point too. I think that the author did a good job with this

book and I incourage others to read this book. The author should of

made this book a little bit more about football but its still good.

The book was written in first person. I like stories in first person

because it makes it sound like you're in the action with the author. The

story of my book started out in present and then flashed back to the

past. I would have heard the book in the present all the way though but

it still sounded good and i thought it was effective.

Prediction

I think that Louie and Boomer will get in a fight by the end of the book

and Carter will come in and help Louie beat him up. I think that Becky will

break up with Louie and he will go crazy. I think this will happen because

Louie's life is falling apart and Becky is the only thing good going for him.

What surprised me in the first half of the book was that they played with eight

players on the field instead of eleven. I would like to see Louie beat up

Boomer on his own and Becky and Louie to stay together. I hope Boomer gets

something bad happen to him for his racists remarks, "Kill that jungle

bunny!"(4)

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Plato's theory of knowledge and form are expressed with three approaches his allegory of The Cave, his metaphor of the Divided Line and his doctrine The Forms. Each theory is interconnected; one could not be without the other.

In The Cave, Plato describes a vision of shackled prisoners seated in a dark cave facing the wall. Chained also by their necks, the prisoners can only look forward and see only shadows. These shadows are produced by men, with shapes of objects or men, walking in front of a fire behind the prisoners. Plato states that for the prisoners, reality is only the mere shadows thrown onto the wall. Another vision is releasing a prisoner from his chains, how his movements are difficult, his eye adjustment painful and suggestions of the effects of returning to the cave. The Cave suggests to us that Plato saw most of humanity living in "the cave", in the dark, and that the vision of knowledge and the "conversion" to that knowledge was salvation from darkness. He put it this way, "the conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the soul's eye, which already has it, but to insure that, insisted of looking in the wrong direction it is turned the way it ought to be." Plato's two worlds the dark, the cave, and the bright were his way of rejecting the Sophists, who found "true knowledge" impossible because of constant change. Plato believed there was a "true Idea of Justice". The Cave showed us this.

The Divided Line visualizes the levels of knowledge in a more systematic way. Plato states there are four stages of knowledge development Imagining, Belief, Thinking, and Perfect Intelligence. Imagining is at the lowest level of this developmental ladder. Imagining, here in Plato's world, is not taken at its conventional level but of appearances seen as "true reality". Plato considered shadows, art and poetry, especially rhetoric, deceptive illusions, what you see is not necessarily what you get. With poetry and rhetoric you may be able to read the words but you may not understand the "real" meaning. For example, take, again, the shadow. If you know a shadow is something "real" then you are beyond the state of imagination which implies that a person is "unaware of observation and amounts to illusion and ignorance".

Belief is the next stage of developing knowledge. Plato goes with the idea that seeing really is not always believing we have a strong conviction for what we see but not with absolute certainty. This stage is more advanced than imagining because it's based more firmly on reality. But just because we can actually see the object and not just it's shadow doesn't mean we know all there is to know about the object.

In the next stage, Thinking, we leave the "visible world" and move into the "intelligible world" which, Plato claims, is seen mostly in scientists. It stands for the power of the mind to take properties from a visible object and applying them. Thinking is the "visible" object but also the hypotheses, "A truth which is taken as self-evident but which depends upon some higher truth". Plato wants us to see all things as they really are so we can see that all is inter-connected. But thinking still doesn't give us all the information we crave and we still ask "why?"

For Plato the last stage of developing knowledge, Perfect Intelligence, represents "the mind as it completely releases from sensible objects" and is directly related to his doctrine of Forms. In this stage, hypotheses are no longer present because of its limitations. Plato summarized the Divided Line with "now you may take a corresponding to the four sections, these four states of mind, intelligence for the highest, and thinking for the second, belief for the third and for the last imagining. These you may arrange in terms as the terms in a proportion, assigning to each a degree of clearness and certainty corresponding to the measure in which their object pose a reality". When discussing the Divided Line, The Forms are the highest levels of "reality".

Plato concludes here that the "real world" is not what we see but what we understand or feel in an "intelligible world" because it is made up of eternal Forms. The Forms take on the explanation of existence. They are "changeless, eternal, and nonmaterial essences or patterns of which the actual visible objects we see are only poor copies". Plato uses a person discovering the quality of beauty to explain this, "he will abate his violent love of the one, which he will…deem a small thing and will become a lover of all beautiful forms; in the next stage he will consider that there beauty of the mind is more honorable that there beauty of outward form. Drawing towards and contemplating the vast see of beauty, he will create many fair and noble thoughts and notions in boundless love of wisdom; until on that shore he grows and waxes strong, and at last the vision is revealed to him of a single science, which is the science of beauty everywhere". There are many Forms but not everything has a Form, if this were so then there would be a parallel world. Forms are not something we can touch but something we hold in our minds, Plato described them as "real existence, colorless, formless, and intangible, visible only to the intelligence". (Forms do not exist; they just are but can't be touched.) Plato said, "the Forms are the cause of the essence of all other things, and the One is the cause of the Forms". Therefore they cannot simply exist. Plato said Forms are related to things in three ways cause, participation and imitation. But in relation to Forms and it-self Plato stated, "we can have discourse only through the weaving together of Forms".

Plato doesn't mean to say that all Forms are related to each other only that significant things use some Forms and that just knowing that includes understanding the relationship between Forms. Plato says there are three ways to discover Forms recollection, dialectic and desire. Recollection is when our souls remember the Forms from prior existence. Dialectic is when people discuss and explore the Forms together. And third is the desire for knowledge. Plato's Theory of Knowledge leads us down many roads but we see the same theme through out light to dark; ignorant to educated; reality to really real. In The Cave we move from the dark of the cave to the light of outdoors, we even see a glimpse of how knowledge can affect us. The Divine Line took us from the ignorance of Imagining to the educated Perfect Intelligence. The Forms showed us that even though we can see something does not mean we can see all of it and just because we cannot see something does not mean it does not exist. All three link knowledge as the key to all, if you have knowledge there is nothing you cannot have.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Livy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Livy paper right on time.

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Livy

Titus Livius was born in 5 B.C. in Patavium in Italy. Patavium is modernly referred to as Padua, and it is located near the Adriatic coast of northern Italy. In Livy's time, Patavium was well known for its strict adherence to old-fashioned Roman virtues. Not much is known about Livy's life, but scholars have assumed that he was probably greatly influenced by the civil wars in the 40's and 0's, as many people in his generation were. He had a family, which was the only distraction from his writing. His daughter married Lucius Magius, a seemingly talentless writer, and he also had two sons. Livy was thought to have associated with Augustus Caesar's literary circle, but some scholars think they might not have shared the same views. The later Roman historian Tacitus reports that Augustus called Livy a "Pompeian," which meant that he had Republican sympathies. He considered Brutus and Cassius, the conspirators against Julius Caesar, men of distinction. Livy also was acquainted with Claudius and encouraged him to write history. Despite his connections, he never mentioned a patron, like many other writers. Livy's education was only standard, its emphasis mostly on rhetoric, which is evident in his works. Livy seemed to be solely focused on writing, unlike many of the other writers of his time. He did not venture to the east to study at the universities in Athens or Rhodes, which accounts for his limited knowledge of geography and the political disorders of his life. He also never held office and never took part in the flourishing literary society of Rome.

Livy wrote mostly on philosophical topics and historical dialogues. His work was not partial to cites or countries, or even the people of his generation. He is solely focused on history, in an abstract way. He wanted to show how the Roman people came to be the way they are, and their moral values, instead of focusing on particular events. He did not talk to people to obtain his information for his writing, but spent hours in the library reading and studying history. His most famous work is Ab Urbe Condita, which translates from Latin as "from the founding of the city." Starting in 7 B.C., it took him forty years to write and consisted of one hundred and forty-two books, of which only thirty-five have survived. While writing his history, he borrowed freely from Virgil's Aeneid. Several minor Roman historians wrote summaries, called epitomes, of Livy's entire work and it is through these summaries that some idea of the content of the missing books is known. He published his history of Rome in installments, working on it for most of his life. Because Livy's history is so massive and has such literary character, scholars perceive it as Rome's prose epic and Livy as a poet in prose. Poetic scholars have found much that is admirable. Livy gives vivid scenarios centering on noble Romans, portraits of the traditional Republican values, lofty vocabulary, and an elevated rhetorical style. But poetic scholars also criticize Livy's history for being loosely organized. Historical scholars are more critical than the poetic scholars. They call him naïve and say that history has little to do with the public deeds and values of men. They also say that he has little skill in perceiving relationships between events and not having a personal viewpoint in his writing.

Livy's history begins with the mythological founding of Rome and concludes with the death of Drusus in B.C. The story is not completely factual, but Livy makes it interesting with his drama and characters. His history is written in annalistic form, which means that he wrote down all the events of one year before he proceeded to the next. The annals were about the deeds of the Roman people, at home or at war, arranged chronologically by consular year, beginning with each Ides of March. More specifically, the basic structure Livy uses begins with the consuls' entry into office and early activity in Rome; it goes on to their departure to their provinces and, at last, the return of one or both consuls to Rome, followed by the election of their successors. Books I to IV contain the foundation of Rome to its sack by the Gauls in 86 B.C. Books VI to X contain the Samnite Wars. Books XI to XIV contain the conquest of Italy. Books XVI to XXX contain both Punic Wars. Books XXXI to XLV go until the end of the war with Perseus in 167 B.C., while books XLVI to LXX go to the Social War in 1 B.C. Books LXXI to LXXX contain the civil wars up to Marius' death in 86 B.C., and books LXXXI to XC contain the civil wars up to Sulla's death in 78 B.C. Books XCI to CIII contain Pompey's triumph in 6 B.C. Books CIV to CVIII contain the last years of the republic, and CIX to CXVI contain the civil war up to Caesar's murder in 44 B.C. Books CXVII to CXXXIII go up to the Battle of Actium, while the final books contain the years to B.C., which is Livy's era.

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The first five books, covering the period before the burning of Rome in 0 B.C., forced Livy to declare his historical intentions right away. Some writers omitted this part of the history because the burning of the records made judgment difficult. Others wrote about this period because many of Rome's most famous and patriotic legends belonged to this period. Livy chose to write one book for the regal period, and four on the Republican period down to 0 B.C. He was aware that documenting this time in history would be very difficult, but including the material was a concession to patriotism. He also wrote on this period for historical reasons. Livy was able to discern the outline of the foreign wars, and he started with the events before the Gallic sack, since Rome's history would be incomplete without it. The first book covers several more years than all the book, covering 64 years as opposed to the 81 years spread out over 17 books. Much of Livy's information has since been proven wrong, but much emphasis was given to the important developments in Rome under the kings and the important social issues of the early republic. Book I tells about the seven kings and their contributions to the new city. They kept all the people under control, and Livy thinks they are responsible for the survival of Rome. In his history, he spoke about all the great things they accomplished, even the trivial things. For example, he wrote about the values that the kings instilled in the people, but he also mentioned the important bridges that were built. Livy gave great stress to all aspects of the beginning of Rome, and how these things affected Rome's empire and the rest of the world. Some scholars may not agree with Livy, but they respect his work. Livy's history will continue to capture different audiences, because it shows how the Roman people began and why they became so powerful.

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PERSON WHO INFLUENCED ME THE MOST

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On the first day of school, sophomore year, my history teacher presented me with the question of Who is your hero? I didn't have a hero, and until then I hadn't thought about the subject. Later in the year, my eyes caught a quotation from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on the bulletin board which stated somewhat to this effect, Do not merely be a thermometer that records the ideas and principles of popular opinion; but rather a thermostat that transforms the mores of society. Out of all the quotes that had been posted over the year, it was this one that caught my attention and captured my emotion. When I would read it, I felt as if something inside me had been sparked. Little did I know that this man whom I had come to know for the I have a dream speech and civil rights would come to be my hero.

After reading Pilgrimage to Nonviolence while studying the civil rights movement I became intrigued in the beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence seemed like such a radical concept to me, yet I found myself agreeing with every point that he made. The values and principle that nonviolence depended on, were those that I believed in most love, reconciliation, proaction, redemption, integrity, and faith. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. left a mark on me, and during that summer I bought a book of his speeches and essays. From there on, my knowledge and interest grew exponentially. Reading Martin Luther King was unlike reading any other author. What Dr. King wrote down on paper seemed to come from the encrypted thoughts of my own heart. He had a way of taking beliefs and assertions and molding them into a poetic flow of the English language. His words solidified an emotional drive that I had always felt inside. Through the reading of his works I feel that my personal character has been greatly strengthened. I found something that I have great conviction in, the value of the human spirit. Out of this conviction comes a passion, a passion that I have noticed, permeates all that is of great importance to me.

Moreover Martin Luther Kings contributions to our history places him in this inimitable position. In his short life, Martin Luther King was instrumental in helping us realize and rectify those unspeakable flaws which were tarnishing the name of America. The events which took place in and around his life were earth shattering, for they represented an America which was hostile and quite different from America as we see it today.

This past summer, I was lucky enough to visit Martin Luther King's gravesite, birthplace, and his former church, Ebenezer Baptist; along Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. I attended church in Ebenezer Baptist and watched the pastor deliver his sermon from the same pulpit that Reverend King had stood behind over thirty years ago. Martin Luther King Jr. was only a man, yet he affected the lives of millions of people. It was his own conviction that compelled him to act. While he sowed the seeds for civil rights, he did not look to reap the benefits. His selfless pursuit for justice gives attest to his moral character. Martin Luther King, Jr. catapulted to fame when he came to the assistance of Rosa Parks, the Montgomery, Alabama Black seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a segregated Montgomery bus to a White passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation and humiliation by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment and sometimes death were waiting for those who defied the System.

Moreover I being from India, a country which strongly follows the principles of non-violence layed by National Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi have a strong inclination towards these principles. Then I also came across the details of the visit which Dr. Martin Luther King made to India ( February, 15 - 10 March, 15) . I felt proud reading the words, which he said at the New Delhi airport "To other countries I may go as a tourist, but to India I come as a pilgrim. The simple words in which he explained the power of non-violence on meeting with mahatma Gandhi truly made me his follower "True nonviolent resistance is not unrealistic submission to evil power. It is rather a courageous confrontation of evil by the power of love, in the faith that it is better to be the recipient of violence than the inflicter of it, since the latter only multiplies the existence of violence and bitterness in the universe, while the former may develop a sense of shame in the opponent, and thereby bring about a transformation and change of heart.

We honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. because he showed us the way to mend those broken fences and to move on in building this land rather than destroying it. He led campaign after campaign in the streets of America and on to the governors mansion - even to the White House - in an effort to secure change. Today Black Americans have federal legislation which provides access and legal protection in the areas of public accommodations, housing, voting rights, schools, and transportation. These rights were not easily won, nor readily accepted, but the good will and conscience of an enormous spectrum of our society both Black and White said Move On.

I can only hope to grow as strong as Dr. King in personal conviction, as I strive and make progress. I have always felt better and more determined about my goals when I read "I have the audacity to believe that people everywhere can have three meals a day for their tired bodies, education and culture for their spirits. I believe that what self-centered men have torn down, men other-centered can build up. I still believe that one day mankind will bow before the alters of God and be crowned triumphant over war and bloodshed, and non-violent redemptive goodwill will proclaim the rule of the land and the lion and the lamb shall lie down together and every man shall sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. I still believe that we shall overcome.. No matter what turns my life will take, I will never forget the moment I stood at the reflecting pool, in front of his grave, with the words on his tomb, free at last, free at last, thank god almighty, I'm free at last burning into my heart. It is those words which never fail to send a shiver up my spine and goose bumps down my arms. It is my dream to live a life so full of integrity and rich in purpose that in my final breath, those words can carry the same emancipating spirit as they did when a humbled seventeen year old read them for the first time.

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If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Abigail Adams - Book Analysis. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Abigail Adams - Book Analysis paper right on time.

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Part One

Long characterized as the wife of the second president and the mother of the sixth, Natalie Bober, in Abigail Adams witness to a Revolution, describes Abigail Adams as an accomplished woman in her own right. In this well researched biography she presents an intimate portrait of a unique individual while also reflecting the course and times of the 18th century. Bober uses information derived from Abigail's more than two thousand personal letters as a vehicle to transport her readers to the uneasy era of our nation's beginning.

Bober demonstrates how Abigail mingled the important historical events of the 18th century with the normal, everyday activities of daily life. The way Abigail interspersed historically significant characters with family gossip gives an air of vibrancy and a sense of immediacy to dates, names, and events. The letters reveal Abigail's deep love for her the pulsating loneliness she experienced due to long periods of separation from her husband, John Adams, and her commitment to achieve more than the goals set for women of the era in which she lived. Bober begins with a lengthy chronology that contrasts political and personal event, and includes a family tree and local maps. The reference notes and a bibliography indicating manuscript and secondary sources conclude the book. Excellent quality archival reproductions, all clearly labeled, appear throughout the book. The reader comes to know an intelligent, strong, and vitality individual from the stroke of the subject's own pen.

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Throughout the book the reader encounters a remarkable person becoming increasingly independent and informed through her own efforts. She learns to manage both her family and the family farm on her own while supporting her husband in his political endeavors, particularly his work for American Independence fro England.

Abigail's letters also reveal that she was an advocate for independence and women's rights. In one of the letters she wrote to her husband she states

"I long to hear that you have declared an independency and by the way

in the Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make

I desire you would Remember the Ladies and be more generous and

favorable to them than your ancestors. If particular care and attention

is not paid to the Ladies, we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and

and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation."

This letter, as well as many others, express Abigail Adam's sentiments about independence and the rights of women and all people. She did not have any formal education and was poor in spelling, grammar, and punctuation. However, she did not let these defiencies prevent her from communicating with her husband in his absences, her family, and friend.

Part Two

The historical events of the time and the life of the Adams family are so intertwined throughout this book that it is difficult to find a 'most interesting' part. The chapter titled "If man is Lord, woman is Lordess" portrays Abigail as an intellectual equal to her husband in the confines of their home. Her political philosophy was as wise as that of her husband. In their talk of politics, she may have been superior to him. When their ideas conflicted, she persuaded him in his views. While she pressed John Adams on the importance of the emancipation of women, she never went beyond him. She maintained her role as a private observer and supporter of her husband. When she needed examples to get her point across, she used the queens who served as monarchs. She felt that women could be good sovereigns as the queens had been. Although she desired to reign only in the heart of her husband, she believed that women should work as hard for a voice in their male dominated society as to preserve what had already been attained.

In this chapter, as well as throughout the book, Dober shows how Abigail used her family connections and her constant supply of literature to educate herself. While very much an advocate for an expanded role for women in public affairs, she did not feel the need to call for a revolution in the roles of men and women. Rather, she hoped for a legal system where women could find total fulfillment in the ascribed roles as wives, mothers, domestic beings deferential to their fathers and husbands.

Part Three

Garraty states that the Revolution made little difference in the attitude of men towards women. The male attitude was so dominate that John Adams, the husband of Abigail Adams, made fun of her warnings that women would foment a revolution if they were not remembered in the formulation of the laws. However, the Revolution forced women to run farms and conduct businesses that only their fathers and husbands had done prior to the Revolution because the men were called upon to fight. These responsibilities were added to that of caring and educating children. Women such as Abigail Adams proved that they could take care of their families as well as work farms and run businesses. This helped them to recognize their importance and the significance of their contributions for independence and to society as a whole. Women now began to realize that they had to be a factor in the equation of liberty and equality.

No doubt, Abigail's letters to her husband on the issue of the education of women were a factor in the change of attitude towards their education after the Revolution. Post revolutionary politicians realized that women needed to be educated in order to best educate the future generations.

Part Four

One of Dober's strengths in ABIGAbigail Adams Witness to a Revolution is her accurate and judicious account of Abigail's life. She manages to use the subject's own pen to transport the reader to the birthing era of the nation and into the subject's daily life. She drew primarily from the over two thousand letters written by Abigail Adams. She included reference notes, a bibliography indicating manuscript and secondary sources, and archival reproductions.

The book is written in a lively style suitable for an adolescent audience. However, for the purpose of this class, I was able to learn and understand what Abigail's life and that of women of her era must have been like.

As is the case with most high profile individuals, by the time Dober wrote Abigail Adams Witness to a Revolution the facts about her subject were already known. Even though her book is well researched and documented, her main source of reference was Abigail's letters to her husband, family, and friends. She took accounts directly from these letters. This limited her ability to bring to light anything that was new.

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INTRODUCTION Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly. REASON TO OUTSOURCE Although the mix of factors raising the possibility of outsourcing varies widely from one company to another, there are a series of themes that explain most of the pressures to outsource. First of all, general managers' concerns about cost and quality drive outsourcing. The same issues such as getting existing services for a reduced price at acceptable quality standard came up repeatedly. Second, failure to meet service standards can force management to find other ways of achieving reliability. It is not atypical to find a company in which cumulative IT management neglect eventually culminated in an out-of-control situation the current IT department could not recover from. Management can see outsourcing as a way to fix a broken department. Third, a firm under intense cost or competitive pressures, which does not see IT as its core competence, may find outsourcing a way to delegate time-consuming, messy problems so it can focus scarce management time and energy on other differentiators. Next, several financial issues can make outsourcing appealing. One is the opportunity to liquidate the firm's intangible IT asset, thus strengthening the balance sheet and avoiding a stream of sporadic capital investments in the future. Also, outsourcing can turn a largely fixed-cost business into one with variable costs. This is particularly important for firms whose activities vary widely in volume from one year to another or which face significant downsizing. THE BENEFITS FROM OUTSOURCING Outsourcing has identified numerous potential benefits. Financial benefits from outsourcing included rapid funding of new systems development and economies of scale and scope. As consolidate infrastructure through IT outsourcing, a firm can experience cost reductions in hardware and software licensing, facilities, and support headcount. Outsourcing, also, can capitalize on an outside vendor's extensive IT problem solving knowledge. An outside vendor had the ability to get more of the technology that came out. They could spend money on investments that a company couldn't afford internally. That opens up a lot more avenues to future technologies. An outside vendor would manage the IT function more efficiently. A vendor's main competency is managing computer systems. Through their skills, leverage, and economies of scale, they could provide a level of efficiency that could not be achieved at the outsourcer. Finally, Perhaps most important, outsourcing allow internal IT managers to focus on the development of a new IT infrastructure. Underlying the outsourcing effort is a fundamental strategy to offload legacy applications and operations so a firm could focus on developing new strategic application to support the global business processes, which were being reengineered. THE PROCESS OF OUTSOURCING There are many ways to manage IT outsourcing since every company has different culture, strategy, structure, people, and process. Also, many important issues such as structure, Information management operating processes, management processes, human resources management should be clarified. However, I'm here going to use Xerox's outsourcing process. A company may go through 5 phases to reach a successful outsourcing; Fact Gathering, Request for Proposal and Data Gathering, Feasibility and management Approval, Baseline Building and Evaluation, Due Diligence and Contract Awarded. At first, information management (IM) collects the facts the company faces and design team recommendation. Then IM request for information to numerous vendors. After compare their response with evaluation checklist which includes technical, HR, financial, contractual factors, IM conclude the feasibility of outsourcing and make recommendation for management. Then, with the Management's approval, IM start to build best-case model and contract terms while evaluate the vendors' proposal using evaluation checklist again. Then, the final negotiation and selection for contract development will be made and, finally, terms are finalized and contract is drafted. THE PROBEMS IN OUTSOURCING Many outsourcing contracts are structured for very long periods in a world of fast-moving technical and business change. Eight to ten years is the normal length of a contract in an environment in which computer chip performance is shifting by 0 to 0 percent per year. Consequently, a deal that made sense at the beginning may take less economic sense three years later and require adjustments to function effectively. Exacerbating the situation is the timing of benefits. The first-year benefits are clear to customer, who often receives a one-time capital payment. The customer then feels relieved to shift problems and issues to another organization. The situation from the outsourcer's perspective is just the reverse. The first year may require a heavy capital payment followed by the extraordinary costs for switching responsibility to them and executing the appropriate cost-reduction initiatives. All this is done in anticipation of a back-loaded profit flow. At precisely the time the outsourcer is finally moving into its earnings stream, the customer, perhaps feeling the need for new services, is chafing under monthly charges and anxious to move to new IT architectures. If the customer has not had experience in partnering activities before, the relationship can develop profound tensions. The evolution of technologies often changes the strategic relevance of IT service to a firm. From the customer's viewpoint, assigning a commodity service to an outsider is very attractive if the price is right. Delegating a firm's service differentiator is another matter. The customer that made the original decision on efficiency will judge it differently if using effectiveness criteria later. CONCLUSION IT outsourcing has so many positive effects for a company even though it still contains various problem needed to be solved. In the Internet age, any company may want to focus its internal staff on moving it to the environment that will support them tomorrow and outsourcing could be one of the best solutions. Also, outsourcing is really more of an integration of two separate businesses to be successful. Both want to take the best parts of each culture and put them together. In addition, critical success factors including existence of a multi-years, corporate commitment to the IM strategy and outsourcing, and quality culture and attitude should be considered in outsourcing.

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Although Ahab and Oedipus have diverse styles of leadership, their similar personalities guide both of them to similar tragic ends. They share many characteristics of a good leader, which is a major reason for their previous success, but they also share many bad personality traits, which cause their downfalls.

Throughout "Oedipus Rex", Oedipus displays many good qualities that make him a successful leader. In the beginning of the story, the author tells the story of how Oedipus became King of Thebes. Sophocles explains that Oedipus solved the riddle of the sphinx and by doing so he liberated the people of Thebes and won the crown. As king, Oedipus led with determination, confidence, and responsibility.

After Tiresias accused Oedipus of murdering the previous king, Laius, the people of Thebes begin to doubt Oedipus and turn against him. Oedipus responds by saying, "Ask your questions. I shall not be proved a murderer." (p.) This quote is an example of his determination to prove his innocence to the people of Thebes and maintain their respect for him. This determination comes from his strong self-confidence and desire to show his people that they should have believed him. Not only will Oedipus fight for his innocence, he is completely confident that he will win. After Oedipus comes to the painful realization that he actually did kill King Laius, he shows true leadership by accepting the consequences. "The evil is mine; no one but me can bear its weight." (p. 100) By taking responsibility, Oedipus demonstrates his leadership, and love for the people of Thebes.

In Melville's "Moby Dick", Captain Ahab, like Oedipus, displays many traits of a leader. He shows courage, determination, and powerful speaking, which he uses to gain the trust and respect of his crew. At the beginning of the journey to sea, the crew enters the ship and they sail for several days. The men are all anxious to meet the legendary Captain Ahab. Several days later, Ahab orders the whole crew to assemble before him. He delivers a powerful speech about their mission to capture the White Whale, and the crew agrees to go after him with Ahab. Ahab offers a Spanish ounce of gold to the crewmember that spots Moby Dick first. In excitement, the crew yells and they take an oath of violence and revenge against Moby Dick. Unlike Oedipus, who is fighting against his people to prove his innocence, Ahab has managed to gain the support of his crew to help him with his quest. Although it seems that Ahab has the better style of leadership of the two men, they both end up in defeat.

Ahab and Oedipus possess many similar personality traits that cause them to fail in their quests. Ahab's determination and stubbornness cause him to lead his crew on perilous voyage that ends with death. Oedipus, who has a short temper and is very stubborn, ends up being proven guilty because of these flaws in his personality.

In the beginning, Tiresias makes it clear that Oedipus has a bad temper by saying, "You blame my temper, but your not aware of the one you live with." (p.) It is obvious that Oedipus feels that he is too powerful to be manipulated by worthless prophets and because of this he becomes hostile towards Tiresias. As the story continues, the Chorus explains Oedipus' character by saying, "He lost control of himself." (p.) This shows that the people of Thebes are well aware of his problem. Oedipus is too stubborn to give in to the accusation and he continues to fight for his innocence. Towards the end of the story, Oedipus reveals a past encounter he had at the crossing of three highways. He describes it to his wife, Jocasta, and says that he crossed paths with a herald and a man driving a horse drawn wagon. The driver tried to push him away from the wagon, and in defense he struck Oedipus over the head. Oedipus continues to describe how he lost his temper and in rage he killed the driver, the herald, and the man in the wagon. This shocking story gives another example of his temper as a bad quality, which is a cause of his downfall.

Oedipus is also disparaged by the public for always making decisions without fully thinking them through. The Chorus criticizes Oedipus' quick decision-making by saying " Quick decisions are not the safest." (p.41) Oedipus responds with "If I take my time and wait, then his [opponent] cause is won, and mine lost." (p.41) The public is receptive to Oedipus' mistakes and they see many faults in his personality. After fighting with Creon about the murder of Laius, Creon asks Oedipus if he wants to banish him from Thebes. Oedipus shows a new inferiority, his mercilessness when he responds by saying "Not at all. Death is what I want for you, not exile." (p.4) At this point, the people of Thebes begin to view Oedipus in a tyrannical way because now he only wants what is in his best interest and not theirs.

Ahab, like Oedipus, was stubborn, determined, and somewhat tyrannical. Ahab's crew joined his ship to travel the world and make money. Ahab is not concerned about making money, but instead he cares about his own personal quest, catching Moby Dick. He convinces his crew to help him capture the White Whale, and every member concurs except for his first mate, Starbuck. Starbuck is skeptical about this mission because he understands the dangers involved and also begins to view Ahab as a tyrant for wanting what is in his best interest.

Later in the story, Starbuck continues to attempt to talk Ahab out of the hunt for the White Whale. Ahab is too stubborn and determined to stray from his primary objective. Ahab teaches his crew a motto of his, "A dead whale or a stove boat!" (Moby Dick, p. 17) By this, Ahab means that when they are chasing a whale, they won't stop until they either kill it, or their boats are destroyed. This extreme determination and perilous attitude eventually lead to his and most of his crewmember's deaths.

At the end of the story, Ahab's ship, The Pequod, chases Moby Dick for three days. After losing several boats, Ahab decides that they still must attack the White Whale. Ahab and the crew end up dead leaving only Ishmael and Moby Dick alive. Ahab's blind determination that initially inspired his crew eventually turned into the cause of their deaths. The crew died attempting to complete Ahab's quest, and by doing so they made him more of a tyrant.

In these two stories, both Oedipus and Ahab are on their own personal quests and it is not until they get their own people involved that they end up failing. Oedipus is on a quest for the truth about his background, as well as for his innocence. Ahab's quest is to kill Moby Dick as an act of revenge for taking his leg. Both characters begin by leading their people in a good manner, and end by thinking too much about their own needs and not enough about the needs of their people.

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Everyone and everything falls into a category. Someone can be a square, a minority etc. The person who decides what category one is in is stereotyping which can be discriminating at times. A stereotype is a generalization about a person or group of persons (a prediction of who the person or group of persons are or what they represent). One creates a stereotype when they can't or don't want to get all of the information they need to judge another person. Even some make themselves victims or get used to it because they are different, which makes them victims constantly. A lot of them can actually fall into the category they are put in but some really are different. Everyone stereotypes whether you are a kid, a teen, or adult. Even I admit that I still often do it at times. A stereotype made by one person is simply created by ones prejudice, family beliefs or values, which then creates all types of victims. Everyone (past and present) has been both the stereotyper and a victim of stereotype at least once in their life. It isn't something we want but what we often crave to do. It seems as though we do it because we are afraid of getting to know someone or their ways of doing things. A stereotype can then lead to discrimination, violence and even death.

Some allow themselves to be stereotyped, because they dress or act in a way that they are judged crucially. Jesus, a college student has had many experiences with being judged based on looks alone. While in high school teachers thought of him as a not so bright, troubled teen. He led them to believe that by dressing with baggy clothes, shaving his head, by having three piercings on his lip and his ears stretched. After getting to know him they realized that he was actually smart and had a future going for himself.

On one occasion, while in the 11th grade he went to the Upward Bound office (A college oriented program he was involved in) to turn in a permission slip, on his way down the elevator he met a friendly older Caucasian gentleman. This gent greeted Jesus with a friendly "Hi, do you go here?" as in "Do you attend Cal state". Jesus, replied with "no but, I plan too when I graduate from high school". The gent seemed surprised so Jesus carried on a conversation. When walking out of University Hall the gent complimented him with "Keep up the good work, and I hope to see you soon, honestly I have never seen someone like you on campus". Jesus asked "What do you mean?" and the gent said, "I hope this doesn't offend you but, I have never seen a Hispanic bald guy dressed in baggy clothes on campus", He then finished by explaining why he was surprised. He explained that he once had a bad experience with some neighbors who were so called "Cholos" or otherwise known as Gangsters and at first sight I represented them.

Music performers can relate a lot to stereotyping. They are usually the victims because people get the Idea that they are money hungry and that they become stuck up. Another form that music performers become victims is by calling them names. "Diva" and "Rock Star" to be exact are the words that can be stereotypes to some performers. Jennifer Lopez was once asked on an interview if she considered herself as a Diva. She wanted a clearer question, so she asked whether they referred to Diva in a good way or a bad way. Diva in a bad way meant that a Diva is spoiled, stuck up, and a b!#$%. She said yes, only if they referred to Diva as a hard working performer. Who would have ever thought of a diva in two different ways, I thought it was good thing now I realize it is just a stereotype we crave to use. One of the members of "Good Charlotte" (an alternative band) asked not to be referred to as a Rock Star because there are also different meanings for the term. He explained that a Rock Star is viewed as a drug addict and a destructive person to the public. He wasn't anything close to being put in that category.

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When one stereotypes another a lot of times they are right, but often times they are wrong. Whose fault is it? Is what we should be asking. If one knows that they will be stereotyped, why don't they change the problem? Maybe they are used to it or they like to prove people wrong and show them that their type of people can do things as well as others. Jesus is accustomed to being stereotyped and now enjoys showing off his stories and accomplishments. Jesus went looking for a job at Stater Bros. He didn't get the job the first time he applied. The second time he applied he grew hair and he got the job. He wasn't sure whether it was the hair or not that made the difference. Jesus realized that he should take out his piercings and grow a little hair to get more respect. He noticed that he didn't have to deal with the stereotypes because he didn't really encounter any.

Jews have been victims of stereotypes, which led to prejudice and then violence and brutal killings. The holocaust took place in the early 100's were Jew were discriminated against. Most Jews were viewed as minorities just like a lot of Hispanics and African Americans. Hitler stereotyped them and led others to hate Jews. Millions and Millions of Jews were killed because Hitler led others to believe wrong about them. Jews were victims of stereotypes and that led to violence and destruction. We don't know if there will ever be another holocaust or who will we crave the victims to be. When September 11th rolled around our next victims could have been people from Middle Eastern decent. They were stereotyped so much at the time that prejudice built up in everyone for a short time against middle easterners. Hopefully we will be strong enough to handle this cautiously instead of violently.

What led to discrimination and how did discrimination evolve. It could probably be jealousy, envy and even wanting power or even developed through stereotypes. Throughout, our craving for stereotypes we can surely agree that people have been dealt with violently, brutally and unfairly because of the way one sees someone. Although we have been through every form of stereotyping we still crave to keep on doing it. We all know that it has lead to the worst of situations in history, and still yet we all continue to stereotype and be victims of stereotype. It might never change because it is something natural in all of us that we all crave. Even if Jennifer Lopez doesn't want to be considered a Diva, she probably stereotypes other performers to be Divas. Jesus can be stereotyped a million times and he, himself will also see others that somewhat represent him and stereotype them to be something they are not. Is there a cure for stereotypes? Will a patch be invented to stop our cravings of stereotypes? Never. It is natural why we crave stereotypes.

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What are the Social, Economic and Environmental reasons why the Dominican Republic is underdeveloped?

The Dominican Republic has a population of 8 million (18 figures) and occupies half of an island in the Caribbean called Hispaniola. The other half of this island belongs to another country called Haiti. Looking at the standards of the world's least developed countries we can see that the Dominican Republic is not doing too badly. Compared to the economically developed world it can only be described as poor. There are three main reasons why this country is underdeveloped. These are because social, economic and environmental factors are affecting the country's development. I will now attempt to explain these factors.

Social reasons can stop a country such as the Dominican Republic from developing in many different ways. One of these is the low literacy rates. Many children have never been into a primary school in their lives. This lack of education reduces the chances of employment, increasing development and escaping poverty altogether. In the past religion has discouraged the education of women and girls. Also parents were reluctant to pay for the education of their daughters as they would only leave home when they married. With half of the countries workforce made up of females, the country can no longer afford to ignore them. Women being less educated than men are also rarely in control of their own lives. Where they have greater independence, social development is often more advanced. Another of these factors is population. In the Dominican Republic population growth is greater than economic growth. This means that while there are more people to feed, more jobs to provide, more demands of education and healthcare there is less money per person to pay for them. This means that the people get even poorer.

As well as this there are economic reasons which are hindering development. One of these is a shortage in capital as lack of money is a major barrier. It is essential if the country is to exploit its natural resources, improve its agriculture, develop new industries and pay for roads, airports, schools and hospitals. Another factor is that although foreign investments are creating jobs, many of the financial benefits leak overseas to the foreign companies which invest in the country. Shortages of skilled workers in the Dominican Republic mean that overseas workers get the better paid jobs as they are more skilled. Many experts agree that these Trans National Companies are holding back development. As well as this a huge debt caused by the borrowing of money from economically developed countries has meant development cannot continue or even begin. This is due to the interest rates put on the loans being too high for the Dominican Republic to pay back. Due to this an ever increasing debt has been formed. All money that could have been used to pay for schools, education and housing is used to pay off loans instead. The country also has difficulty in trade. It exports mainly primary goods and imports manufactured goods. The problem is that the exported goods do not keep up with prices of imported goods creating money problems. Finding markets for these products is also difficult as trade blocs such as the EU restrict the influx of foreign goods using tariffs and quotas so that their industries are protected from rivalry. Finally it is difficult for the Dominican Republic to compete with more economically developed in making manufactured goods as it lacks technology and skills. Without skilled workers such as scientists, technicians and managers development has little chance of success.

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There are also environmental reasons arising in the Dominican Republic which are influencing the rate of development. The huge misuse of the countries natural resources is one of these. Recent deforestation caused by sugar cane plantations which has replaced much of the tropical rainforest has devastated the country. When the prices of world sugar prices dramatically reduced a state of disaster was created. To make this even worse the biggest market for this sugar, the USA, introduced tariffs and quotas on imports of sugar. This meant the country could not sell as much sugar as it needed to meet its loan repayments. Another problem is tourism. The government moved away from the dependence on sugar and the development for tourism has been very bad for the environment. Beaches and coral reefs have been eroded and large areas of mangroves (habitats for mosquitoes) have been cleared to make the country more attractive to tourists. Hundreds of native species have become extinct as well. Golf courses have been built to accommodate tourists as well which has been built on prime agricultural land. The benefits from the tourism have been few and it has just widened the gap in living standards between the rich and the poor. Agribusiness (high-tech farming based on chemical fertilisers and pesticides) was also introduced to recoup money lost in the sugar industry. Many peasant farmers have lost their land to this and have been forced to work for the huge agribusiness enterprises. The resulting intensive farming of cattle and rice has polluted rivers and soils. Contaminated drinking water has damaged people's health and agro-chemicals have made much farmland useless and infertile. Deforestation has also led to soil erosion and has interrupted the water cycle. This has changed local climates and made important water sources dry up. Shortages of fuel wood are also a problem due to deforestation meaning people must search further and for longer for their only source of fuel.

I can conclude that there are many factors which are preventing the Dominican Republic from developing. They are

• Education

• Population growth

• Shortages in capital

• Profits leaking overseas

• Loan debt

• Trade barriers

• Skills shortages

• Misuse of natural resources

• Tourism

All of these are preventing the country from developing properly and is why the Dominican Republic is underdeveloped.

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In what different ways was racial prejudice at work in the story? Compare these instances with your own beliefs, ideas and experiences of racial prejudice.

In the story of The Divine Wind, Garry Disher explores the complexities of racial prejudice, which was one of the main themes of the novel. Prejudice is 'a pre-conceived opinion'; which is simply discrimination, and judging people before knowing them. Racial prejudice is judging people on their race, (eg. The Aboriginals). During the time in which this novel was set, Broome had such a diverse, and multicultural community, hence the range of attitudes. Many of those who were brought up in the town were more accepting then the new comers. But, many were really racist, and denied non-white Australians many rights, including the right to equality; respect; justice and freedom.

The most obvious way Disher portrays racial prejudice was the way that the white society forced others into isolation from the general public. Non-whites were not treated as equals. The Japanese community lived in Chinatown with other people of a similar ethnic background. The Japanese were seen as only a working class society, forced to live in low class accommodation, and work hard, for minimal pay. The Aboriginals either lived out in the bush with their tribal group, or on a station as workers. When living with their kind out in the bush, the white community saw this as, 'out of sight, out of mind', and basically tried to forget about the Aboriginal "problem". When living on the station, they were treated badly, and punished for being slightly out of line. I believe that the Aboriginals were treated with extreme disrespect, and didn't deserve that kind of treatment. Aboriginals are normal people as well. In the cinema where Hart, Alice and Mitsy went to be entertained, there was an unofficially pre-determined section for Aboriginals and Islanders. This is very racist, and if it happened today, people would really frown upon this attitude.

Another way prejudice affected minority groups, was that the white society had absolutely no respect for the non-white community. People felt that the Aboriginals had no feelings, and weren't real humans with emotions. They also felt that all the Japanese were people with no morals, and had a mindset to taking over the world. When the Penroses went to dinner at the Kilian's, they had a conversation about the future of the regional area. Eventually, a heated argument began between Mr. Kilian and his son, Jamie. "And who works the machinery?" Jamie demanded his father. "We may need some black workers," his father conceded. Magistrate Kilian felt that the native should be left in this state, and only bother the white community to work the heavy machinery. This type of attitude towards the Aboriginal people is very narrow-minded, because the Aboriginals are normal people, just like the common white person. In the scene at Hartog Downs, Alice felt really violated when put into this situation. When Carl Venning, the Webbs and Army Officer Morrissey were having a conversation about how unreliable the 'Abo' is, and that they'll help guide the 'Japs' through the bush to attack us; I felt really sorry for Alice. People were talking negatively about the things she stood for. I felt that she had the right to act the way she did, to get up and leave. If I were Alice, I would have done exactly what she did. I would have involved my opinions, and then storm out in front of everyone just to indicate my own personal beliefs.

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The white community also denied ethnic groups fair trials, and even fought to lock them up. With Derby Boxer's arrest, the police convicted him mainly on his racial background. To make it worse, they produced a false confession, and tried to portray it as Derby's own. Michael Penrose could see right through this because of the language of Derby's so-called confession, and also because he knew and believed in Derby; he wasn't prejudiced. Derby spoke in Pidgin English, which is a very uneducated way of speech. In the confession, he was using formal English. He was talking in a way that no one had ever heard him talk in. At the time of the confession, he was drunk. How can Derby remember so much detail? Why did the police do this? They thought they could convict another Aboriginal, and rid the country of another one. This is just the racist attitude of the white community at the time.

When the war arrived, the white community was really scared of the Japanese, because they were invading other countries, and Australia was close to Japan. With the threat of invasion, people harassed the Japanese, thinking that they'd help with the invasion. The Japanese were beaten, harassed, and hated. Eventually, every single Japanese person was taken away, and placed into internment camps. This happened because people thought that all Japanese were evil minded. I don't believe that any of the Japanese needed to be interned, because not only the men were interned, but the women and children were as well. This would have been totally irrelevant, and a waste of government funds. How would young children, and elderly women help out the Japanese? All this time, they had all been living in unison with the white community, and now they were interned, and treated like an invading enemy.

Racial prejudice still exists today, but nowhere near the degree of previous times. During the early 140's, Australia had an official 'white Australia' policy, which denied the settlement of non-white foreigners. Today, Australia is very diverse, and has a huge emphasis on multiculturism. Although there are still some really racist people, overall, the general community is more tolerant of the non-white societies. Most people today accept everyone as real people, with full emotions. However, after the recent attacks on America, and the war with Saddam Hussein, people are beginning to become racist towards the Muslin community. People are behaving just as they originally did against the Japanese. I don't believe that we will go as far as internment again, but the insecurities of the general community might revert back to the days, where the Japanese and Aboriginals were isolated to their own kind. Although, current refugees are been treated like this, where they are been locked up into detention centres until they have been cleared for a visa.

In the novel, The Divine Wind, racial prejudice was at work in many different ways. But, in today's society, racism is frowned upon, and actively discouraged. Disher explores the theme of racial prejudice in The Divine Wind by challenging people's opinions and attitudes. He does this by including scenes, which conflict with the readers own beliefs, and therefore forces them to think about the situation. Today, racism is still a problem, but it is nowhere near the concentration as in yester years.

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There is no need for me to enroll at the Career Center for one very good reason. I am going to go to grad school. There are many reasons why I feel grad school is a better fit for me right now than trying to find a job in the real world. I have looked at the pro's and con's of this decision and I concluded that grad school would have bigger payouts in the end. Through this paper I will try to explain why I think grad school would work better for me.

First I guess I should tell you where I want to go to law school and what I want to do. I am going to go to the University of Houston for Hotel and Restaurant Management. I will get my masters there hopefully in two years. The program in through the University of Houston but is actual put on by the Hilton Program. The facilities that are used are actually owned by the Hilton and used by them for customer purposes also. While studying there it is mandatory that you also work for them as a part of an assistance ship. This program is the ranked number two in grad schools offering this degree being only behind Cornell University. I feel this is a good school and a good opportunity for me to use.

I will start with the beginning of this process for me. I guess it started when I was in high school and I had no idea what I wanted to due in the future. I knew I wanted to go to college but I was not sure what I wanted to do. I applied to agecon because I thought I would like it and it would be easier to get into than some colleges since I didn't have a very high GPA in high school. When I was a freshman one of my friends from high school that had graduated two years ahead of my came down to visit some friends. I saw him one night and he told me what he was doing. He told me about the program he was in at Houston and how much he enjoyed it. He was doing his undergrad and grad school in a five year program offered by the school. This conversation really interested me and later that next week I decided to check into the program. After checking it out I realized this was what I wanted to do and that I would try to attend Houston for Grad school. I still see him a lot and he informs of how the program is once you start getting into the upper level and things like that. He still enjoys it so I am looking forward to getting into the program.

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I guess the middle part of the program is first getting accepted and then actually attending the school. To get into the university you take the GRE and have over a 2.6 GPR to be considered. They weigh your application heavily on the GRE that you get and other restaurant related topics can also help you get in. As far as the GRE is concerned I will have to take it around Christmas to try to get into the school starting next fall. I have a book for the GRE and am possibly thinking about enrolling in a study course for the test. I also have an advantage I fell due to the amount of restaurant hours I have. I have worked at Double Dave's for four years and accumulated many hours in that time. You can also get scholarships sometimes based upon the amount of restaurant hours you have. That would be great if I could get one because I am not looking for to paying back those loans after I have graduated. I am not sure however, what the restaurant hours needed are but I feel like I would have more than most students who try to go to school there. As for the school part I will have to live in Houston and hopefully work part time while I attend. I realize that grad school is much more challenging than an undergrad degree and I hope I can prepare myself mentally for the changes I have to make. I don't exactly have the best study habits right now and I know I must make a major change to excel in this program. It will also be different being responsible for all aspects of living such as paying for everything since right now I rely on my parents to help me out with expenses. I think that the work I will have to put into the grad school will pay big dividends if can keep my focus on school and finish the program strongly.

The end of my plan is of course to get a job and be successful in the real world. With my degree I would like to start out as a manager of either a big chain restaurant or a food department of a hotel. Once I get established eventually I would like to open up a chain restaurant and be solely in charge. That however, may sound a lot easier than it will actually be. There are a few good things and bad things about graduating from this school. Some of the bad things include traveling, location, and job stability. There is not that much traveling involved but there are many times of the year that I would have to leave to go do things for the company. Since I do not really like traveling I don't think I would like that very much. Another problem could be location. There is a pretty good job market right now still in the industry but you can't be very choosy about where you accept a job. I would hate to leave Texas and almost refuse to leave the south so that could cause a problem for me. Also job stability could be factor. There is not much of a problem with some of the bigger chains but opening a smaller restaurant can be very unsuccessful and cost you a lot of many. There are also many benefits from this degree. Some of them include number of jobs offers and the possibility to make a lot of money. My friend I had talked about earlier said that the graduates were offered about two and a half jobs each the year they graduated. That seems pretty good to me considering how the economy is right. Also he said since the Hilton is such a major influence in the hotel market they have many ties that can help you out. Another benefit would be enabling myself to make a good living from my degree. I do not know any of the numbers but through talking to him most starting salaries are pretty high with a huge potential for advancement which is always nice. One more benefit would be letting myself work doing something I know I would love to do for the rest of my life.

I think there are a few key to ensuring that I am successful with my plan. First of all is to do good on the GRE. Without this my plan can not even start. Next is to excel while in school. If I can be in the top percent at grad school I think that will open many doors to my future considering the Hilton could help me out. Next would to be prove that I am a good worker once I get a job and give myself opportunities for advancement. Lastly, if I get to open up my own restaurant I need to work hard and get lucky. Find a restaurant that people will want to go to and hopefully they will show up. Throughout all of these processes I will definitely need a ton of hard work the whole time.

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In the film "Brave Heart" it sets the scene with Scottish highlands, valleys, rivers and tranquil Scottish music playing softly in the background to show what the men are fighting for throughout the film.

I am going to show through mise-en-scene, camera angles and representation how this adds to the enjoyment of the film.

In the beginning the main character William Wallace's dad and brother are killed in battle and William attends both funeral. At William's fathers funeral a young country girl is also there, and when the service finished she picked a thistle and gave it to William as a present to show she was sorry that his dad had been killed. In this part of the film there is a close up on the country girl giving William the thistle. This is a significant part of the film as the thistle reoccurs later on in the film!

An important technique used in this film is mise-en-scene this term describes what the filmmaker has chosen to put in to the scene, it includes the setting, the costumes, the props, the look of the characters and their position in the frame. The camera angles and lighting are also important in the mise-en-scene of a shot.

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In the opening scenes the characters are dressed in tatty clothes to show they aren't well off. The camera angles are long shots to give an overall impression of the location as the camera shows fresh vegetation fields and Scottish highlands this gives the viewers a feel of unspoilt land, very peaceful and clam with Scottish music. This compares with the camera shots of scenes showing the darkness of the landscape and the rain, which is sad, and depressing it reflects the mood of the Scottish people at that time following the funeral of their King.

Before the Battle of Stirling the Scottish warriors prepared for war against the English. The scene shows the William and his men dressed in dark, plain clothing with their weapons made from wood which made them look home made and inferior to the English weapons. The English army's weapons were made from shiny metal that made them appear more effective. William painted his face blue which looked like part of a flag, the colour blue represents Scotland. The blue face paint makes William look ferocious and his long, wavy hair makes him look wild and tough, not to be messed with. The scene shows the Scottish and English both lined up ready to attack. Both sides looked very confident and determined to win the battle. The English were more physically prepared as they had been to battle before and had more body armour than the Scottish. The English army are shown on horseback. This gives the impression the English will have an advantage of the Scots as they are on foot.

But the Scottish are portrayed as more muscular. This is shown by the short-sleeved clothing that is worn in battle.

At the beginning of the battle the camera slowly pans along the line of the English and Scottish army in turn. This adds to the suspense that builds up before the battle starts. The camera picks up the determination on the faces of the warriors. There is a long camera shot to show the position of the two armies and the overall view of the battlefield.

Another technique used is Representation. This is the way the director chooses to present the characters in the film. For example in the wedding and market scenes William Wallace is portrayed as a peaceful man of love. William's facial expressions change from being a warrior to being a smiling, tender, gentle lover. He is shown gently stroking Murron's hair away from her face. In the wedding scene William rides on horseback to collect Murron from her house to run off and get married. The camera follows them as they ride to where they are going to be married. The camera action is fast to show that William is eager to be married to Murron and is a sign of how much he is in love with her. The camera shows them arriving at a field where a priest is ready to marry them. The lighting is dark; this is because their love is a secret. This is further portrayed by the fact the Murron has some wedding clothes with her in a bag which she changes into for the wedding ceremony. They exchange hankies. This symbolizes their love for one another and it is important at the end of the film. The colour white symbolizes purity showing that their love is pure. It can also symbolize peace emphasizing William as a man who represents peace rather than war. The camera angles has a close up of them looking at each other and then the camera zooms out there is a full picture of them in the middle of the countryside. It then zooms in for a close up of them kissing. Here the lighting is soft and slightly out of focus to emphasise the romantic scene.

This contrasts with William as the warrior. It shows William first as a lover and not a warrior so that he is not seen as all bad, he does have another gentle side. William is shown as a warrior in the scenes of battle with his face paint deliberately to make him appear fierce, unbeatable and very determined.

Camera angles are another technique used to provide information about the location in the film, the role of the characters and their reactions. It also draws attention and helps to create atmosphere. In the Battle of Stirling long shots are used to show where the battle is taking place, the landscape and the weather.

It is also used to show the position of the two armies, how many people are in each army and their distance from one another.

Close up shots are used to show the expressions and reactions of the characters. Determination and courage before the battle; perseverance and effort on their faces during the battle; exhaustion and triumph after the battle. Close up shots also show the consequences of the defeated - the wounded and dead bodies.

Low angle shots are used to create feelings of power. These are effective in the battle scene to show one man overpowering another. At the end of the battle a low angle shot is used to show William Wallace raising his sword in the air in victory and stabbing it into the ground. In contrast high angle shots do the opposite and show that a character is vulnerable. The camera angles changed quickly from one part of the battle to the other to keep the excitement flowing. The camera moved from high angled shots to low angled shots to keep the interests of the audience, the suspense and as to who would be the victorious side.

Throughout the film the different techniques effectively show the passion of William Wallace and his struggle to gain freedom for Scotland.

I enjoyed this film because it showed how passionate and loyal William was towards his country and people. He was even more passionate after he lost his father, brother and his wife. The film shows how the English and Scottish felt about each other. Although it's not all factual it is based on a true story of the life of William Wallace.

By Emma Clinch

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