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The state has the ultimate power and it is the primary political unit, but the world of arms, controlling interests, economic power, and environment change and with that the power of the states changes in the world. Another altering is the rapid growth of the 0th century of public and private organizations through the world, without them the world wouldn't function good in many areas, so they promote their welfare to solve serious problems and make the world a better place for living.

The modern international organizations are consisted of IGO-international governmental organizations, NGO- nongovernmental organizations, INGO-international nongovernmental organizations, private agencies which seek profit or not. We can recognize IGO and INGO by these characteristics 1) permanent organization to carry on a continuing set of functions.

) voluntary membership of eligible parties.

) a basic instrument stating goals, structure, and methods of operation.

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4) broadly representative consultative conference organ.

5) permanent secretariat to carry on continuous administrative, research, and information functions.

And the IGO are established with a contract or a treaty, and operate at level of consent, recommendation, and cooperation. For now, the international organizations are more close to the state system, rather to some other governmental system. The international organizations have significant roles in cooperation, channels of communication which find an easier way of communicating between governments. The dilemmas and the paradoxes for the international organizations are that they insist that a state should be sovereign, should have supremacy and independence. Each state its own boss, that regarding the actions it takes, because it depends of the other states actions such as communications, economics and development and world peace. Other paradoxes are that states will always try to increase its power, prestige and economic development on expenses on other states. These kinds of actions may lead of involvement of the United Nations which takes cooperative actions. The divergent conflicts lead to conflicts among states in which the UN is limited with their power and actions. The world is starting to be a smaller place for living and with that we come across a problem of deferring which are domestic and international concerns, which means that a domestic problem might transform to an international one. The delay of the development of political and social institutions is caused by the rapid change and with that the rapid growth of problems in our world, and with that slowing down the development. The inadequate elements produce order with national society on international level, which causes wrong order of fixing problems. The paradox of human rationality and humanitarianism versus the individual's egoistic, selfish, and emotional qualities. The paradox of maximum international problems and limited means of resolving these problems.

The ideological roots of international organizations.

The basic concept of intergovernmental organizations are involved with diplomacy, treaties, conferences, rules of warfare, the regulation of the use of force, peaceful settlement of disputes, development of international law, trade, economic cooperation, social cooperation, cultural relationships, world travel, world communications, cosmopolitanism, universalism, peace movements, the formation of leagues and federations, international administration, collective security, and movements for world government. The idea to establish an international organization is old 100 years, but the principles are old with centuries.

The war prevention and regulation are been made with these alternatives 1) World unity in the form of universal empire - Roman Empire.

) World view of cosmopolitanism based on such concepts as the brotherhood of man - Cynics and Stoics of the pre- and early Christian era Greece and Rome.

During passed centuries the philosophers have proposed such diverse propositions such as free trade, disarmament, decolonization, and development of international law. And for world peace there were propositions and examples of dissolving confederacies and state unions, but none what so ever have gotten to the supreme creation called a superstate of world federation.

In Emanuel Kant's reasoning of world peace begins with the analysis of the nature of humanity, and concluded, that people have two sides on one hand, they are selfish, egoistic, and greedy, and on the other hand they are reasonable. The reasoning provides a discipline for balancing the selfish side of humans. People escape from the anarchy and run to the law and government because of the reasoning. Nations are too affected by this, they will move gradually from anarchy to order.

Kant predicted that the world society will be made up of a federation of republican states open for states volunteers.

William Ladd detailed his work with proposals for world's international peace who advocated the establishment of congress of nations and court of nations who will be legitimate, and with legislative and judicial powers.

Ladd wrote an essay on abolition of standing armies, and he stated that people will obey law more because of an opinion, rather then compulsion.

Besides the philosophers reasoning and proposals the growth of international institutions has developed in 1th and 0th century because 1) The philosophers' ideas were not necessarily dominant or exclusive in their impact upon the rulers' thoughts and behavior.

) No age until the present one was marked by a set of conditions conducive to an increased emphasis on international cooperation, such as potentially global wars, emergence of newly independent states, growing interdependence.

The forces of political fragmentation had been present throughout centuries, states had to emerge and engage them selves into competition before the ambience have changed, for developing an increased developing.

The 17th and 18th century were marked with consolidation of power, war rivals, the colonial empires, and intensification of nationalism, philosophers stressed the individualism and stated that individualism tends more to rivalry rather than cooperation.

Even today we can see that forces of nationalism outrage the forces of internationalism, older states emphasize prestige, economic interests and national security, the world is segmented by elements of language, customs, religion, entrenched interests, ideology, political structure, economic rivalry, human acquisitiveness, fear, and suspicion.But anyway the forces stayed dominant and political internationalism has limited momentum.

In search of theory; the theory should be clear to the point, descriptive, and explanatory.

The international organizations are only one small segment of world's politics. These are some of the recent developments in theory development for international organizations functionalism, (complex) interdependence, transnationalism, regime theory, and epistemic communities.

In 166 the first attempt was been made about functionalism by David Mitrany, the increase in economical and social cooperation will eventually lead to building of habits of broader base of common actions that will eventually spill over in the political arena. Functionalism and its flaws; If we assume that a clear distinction can be made between political and nonpolitical areas, and if we underestimate the states sovereignty to the transfer of political loyalties to international level. Historical and empirical evidence substitutes the functionalists'claim that ignorance, poverty, hunger, and disease are the "root causes of war."

Ernst Haas Neo-functionalism

Cooperation among nations is not imposed by norms but done by learning by doing. Process of learning is important - functional integration - political decision beyond nation-states.

Haas is functionalist, but he emphasized the political process, therefore we call him neo-functionalist.

Systems theory; Founders Charles McClelland, David Easton, Richard Snyder, Karl Deutsch, Morton Kaplan, J. David Singer, Richard Rosecrance

Definition "A set of interrelated entities and their interrelationships"

Analyzes global politics focusing on the comprehensible side of relations development of theoretical models of global systems.

Flaws in systems theory; little progress toward broad workable theory has been produced.

Gaps in necessary data.

Accuracy in determining the boundaries of a system as distinguished from its environment is often a problem.

Status quo-oriented, variables involved in global models are too complex, difficulties in quantifying and operationalizing concepts.

The independence; Definition "Interdependence exists when changes in one nation produce significant changes in one or more others, or where the effects of one government's actions are partially determined by what other governments do." Independence may either have positive or negative effect leading to cooperation or conflict.

The complex independence; The complex independence exist in countries because Transactions across national boundaries have increased greatly since 145.

Economic forces have surpassed military options in importance as instruments of foreign policy.

Private actors are assuming an increased role in global relationships.

Transnationalism; Transactions, communication, and states and nations, and after it will alter the integration also, focuses on activities of nongovernmental and individuals involved in the transfer of goods and services, money, and credit information, or persons from one country to another and the relevance of such actions in global relationships. Transnational/Nongovernmental international organizations may be divided into two broad categories

1) Nonprofit organizations.

) Multinational business enterprise organized for profit.

The regime theory; Researchers Stephen Krasner, Donald Puchala, Raymond Hopkins.

Developed in the 180s.

"International regimes are defined as principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given issue-area."

Regimes constrain and regularize the behavior of participants, affect which issues among protagonists move on and off agendas, determine which activities are legitimized or condemned, and influence whether, when, and how conflicts are resolved.

Flaws of the Regime theory

Imprecise usage of the term "regime"

Regime analysis diverts attention from more basic elements of global relationships. It is value biased and static, emphasizing the status quo and neglecting dynamic elements of change(Susan Strange).

Epistemic communities

Definition

"A network of professionals with recognized expertise and competence in a particular domain and an authoritative claim to policy-relevant knowledge within that domain or issue area."

Examines the influences of networks of knowledge-based experts in articulating the cause-and-effect relationships of complex problems, helping states identify their interests, framing the issues for collective debate, proposing specific policies, and identifying salient points for negotiation.

Conclusion

Although nation-states or their spokespersons are the primary actors and nationalism is the chief motive force in world politics, a few developments have occurred in recent decades to enhance the possibilities of international cooperation and unity

Industrial revolution, scientific developments, accelerating trend in the formation of int'l private and public org., new problems of global proportions such as population, food supply, energy supplies, mass poverty, environmental controls, outer space, the oceans and seabed, insurance against human annihilation.

To a degree never existing before, all humans are interdependent for their lives and welfare.

International organizations may serve a useful function in channeling a portion of state interactions and in providing vehicles for increased cooperation.

In spite of their limited role, int'l org. have become indispensable instruments within the international system.

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