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Mining Development VS. Social Disruptions Assessing Both The Social Benefits & Social Costs of Titanium Extraction Efforts in Kenya

With what was initially thought to be a feasible resource extraction proposal, has in turn lead to an onslaught of both economic and social uncertainties among more then five thousand Kenyans. Tiomin Resources, a Canadian based mining company, has shown a ferocious interest to construct titanium based extraction mills along the Indian Ocean within the residence of the economically struggling providence of Africa. The proposed site(s), which rest in the fertile sand dunes along the Kenyan Coast, are thought to hold / embody one of the largest supply(s) of both titanium and zirconium bearing minerals in the world. Despite what stands to be both an economical and social jackpot for one of the largest mining Corporations in the world, has in turn generated a spin off and or threat of both economic and environmental externalities from formulating in the near future. Among the focal points of major concern(s) rest the vantage points of two distraught parties. With more than ten thousand small-scale farmers in threat of being forced of their native soil, Kenyan's argue the feasibility dynamics of such proposals aren't socially balanced. Tiomin Resources rebuttals by addressing the profitable socioeconomic impact their proposal presents if operations where established in the financially dying province of Africa. As this heated debate continues, it soon becomes a question of assessing the feasible equity each party is willing to negotiate for. Not only is it imperative to question the long-run economical balance of such proposals but so to be it fitting to address the adverse effects such operations would have on the surrounding environment & short run economical balances.

The dominant factor supporting Tiomin recent proposals to excavate within the titanium-rich sands of Kwale beach resides in the operations estimated economical worth. The three proposed sites which outlier the small coastal communities of Shimoni, Mombassa, and Mamburi are estimated to have 15-year extraction duration capable of producing in excess of 18 million tons of raw material on an annual basis. Furthermore, the $165-million dollar project would also generate more then 600 direct jobs resulting in the spin off of more then $5-million dollars being delivered to the struggling Kenyan economy. (Russell 1) Another aspect in support of Tiomin mining proposal highlights the areas geographic location. With more than thirty ports on the Indian Ocean, extraction via process time literally becomes cut in half. In addition, Tiomin has further intentions of constructing more then 5 processing mills less then 50 miles away from the Mamburi site, a proposition they feel will further jump-start and aid an end to economic struggles in the surrounding area.

"Aside from using water routes as means to transport and or relocate the extracted materials, we also have local access to more than 40 different rail stations a commodity we're not use to having and or utilizing at such leisure." (Elder )

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Not only do the proposed mining sites hold an abundance of economic value but so to do the feasibility reports concerning the surrounding environment. The mines, which sit at less then 0 meters in depth, further support any threat extraction activities would have on the nearby water quality. Not only do the mines sit exceptionally low, in comparison to other projects and or extraction sites, they also have an estimated 85% purity level. Thus, dismissing the inherent threat of debris tailing and rock pilling, common environmental impacts that follow such extraction activities. Despite impressive, high profiled numbers and promises to the surrounding economy, many questions still remain unanswered. Underlining this assertion comes the futuristic doubts and uncertainties of the more then five thousand Kenya's literally being forced to hand over their land.

With Tiomins rigorous efforts to establish operations, the livelihoods among the thousands of Kenya's calling Kwale Beach "home" continues to remains in limbo. Among the variety of growing concerns, none of which is more dominant than the threat of economic disruptions. Because more than 80% of the proposed mining sites lie on and or sit in relative distance to rural farmlands, the inherent threat is the Kenyan economy stands to lose its prolific source of generated income. Aside from Tiomin offering less then $140 dollars an acre to all private landowner's, the number remains to both inadequate and equally skewed. Only a small portion of farmers rightfully own more than 10 acres of land in the local areas. Because of this, the compensation in which Tiomon is preparing to offering doesn't pose to be a valid investment for most if any of the localized farmers at all. Another aspect of equal measure focuses on the projects environmental feasibility. Two of the three proposed sites, Mombassa and Mamburi, both contain and or surround conservation parks. Shimba Hills, a national park located less then five miles outside of Mombassa, is thought to be dramatically impacted with the construction of such an operation. Another problem focuses on the Shimoni site and its relative distance to the conservation marina within the Indian Ocean. "These specific waters contain one of the world's largest concentrations of both dolphin and coral life. There remains without any question, the physical disruption to such a delicate environment would in fact be impossible to avoid." (Mungai ) It is also expected that initial steps taken to mine would also disrup and dramatically impact the water quality in general location(s). By excavating raw titanium, the radioactive elements and cancer causing carcinogenic commonly found in such minerals also raises serious questions with regards to the projects overall safety. (ENS 1)

As the issue remains to be debated upon, two parties feel they stressed enough adequate certainties to either promote or diminish the inherent notions to dig. As follows, it then becomes a matter of examining the social costs and or benefits verse the adverse effects such operations could possibly have on such a lavish environment. Despite what remains to be a clear-cut, straightforward issue, economic feasibility, valid compensation, and community interests need to be better evaluated for such a dramatic physical change and or transition to take place.

-SOURCES CITED-

1. Russell, P. Rosalind. "Kenyan Mining Project Brings Criticism in Spades." Canadian Spotlight News, November 0th 000. Document Retrieved April 15th 001 @ www.canadanews.about.com/gi/news/~a6et7e4.htm. (1-)

. Elders, R. Scott. "Mining and Economic Development in Kenya At What Cost?" International Center For Human Rights and Democratic Development, February 000. Document Retrieved April 14th 001@ www.rights&democracy.org/0-05-00/ligio/kenmine/hmtl. (1-4)

. Mungai, Naftali. "Titanium Mining in Kenya Digs Up Environmental Fears." Environmental News Service, April 5th 000. Document Retrieved April 16th 001 @ www.ens.lycos/ens/apr000/000l-04-05-04.html. (1-)

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Visit modern day Japan and it is easy to be attracted to the flashing lights, and futuristic-looking cities. But stroll through a traditional Japanese garden, with its tranquil atmosphere and closeness to nature, and one can walk into the past. It is easy to imagine kimono-clad men, their heads shaven bald except for a queue on the top of their heads, two swords hanging by their sides, shuffling around in wooden sandals. This is feudal Japan, where everyone and anyone live by bushido, the way of the samurai. Merchants and traders coming back from Japan described it as an exotic and fantasy-filled land. So why was popular opinion (up until as recently as the early post-World War II period) of the Japanese so negative? The Japanese were considered so alien and so fundamentally different to the West to the point that they were deemed non-human. James Clavell, an author fascinated by Asian culture, reverses this perception of the Japanese in his novel, Shogun.

Shogun, based in part upon historical fact, is centered upon three different characters John Blackthorne, the Japanese warlord Toranaga and a Japanese woman, Mariko. Set in the 1600s, the novel depicts Japanese life during this period in such great detail that it can be used as a reference book. The main character, John Blackthorne, is an English pilot of a Dutch ship shipwrecked with the survivors of his crew in Japan. He is at first appalled at Japanese customs and behavior, but he slowly adapts and accepts his new home. Toranaga is a powerful warlord who is trying to unify Japan under his rule, and Mariko is a woman torn between two lives. The clash between East and West is the centerpiece of this novel; it has much to teach the audience about the different attitudes of 17th century Japan and Europe.

The East and West have always had and always will have differences between their cultures, but as the writer JJ Clarke puts it, the East has become the West's 'other'. The differences are essentialized, the East is everything the West is not, and vice versa. Nothing illustrates this better than the different attitudes towards death the Japanese notion of death is fundamentally different from that of the West. However, Clavell demonstrates that this is not true.

The Japanese named the great storm in 181, which destroyed the vast Mongol invasion fleet and saved Japan from obliteration, kamikaze, or 'divine wind'. The name was revived during World War II and applied to the pilots who flew their planes loaded with explosives directly into U.S. warships. These modern-day samurai sacrificed their lives in service to their Emperor. In the West's point of view, nothing characterizes the Japanese better than their fondness for death. Their suicidal behavior is deeply rooted in bushido, along with their strict sense of honor and discipline. In his novel, James Clavell makes it very apparent that an honorable death is the focus point in a samurai's life. In a particularly graphic example, he writes " '[I] know how to die how a samurai should die.' […] Then he slid the knife deep into the left side of his stomach. He ripped it full across with both hands and took it out and plunged it deep again, just above his groin, and jerked it up in silence." . As Mariko puts it, "A samurai dies with dignity. [...] It is his right and duty to die with honor." . To a samurai, death is closely intertwined with honor and glory. A samurai's life is devoted to the service of his master, loyalty being one of the fundamental aspects of bushido, he must be ready to die at any moment for his master.

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While in today's society this glorification of death is a totally unfamiliar and alien notion, Western culture too glorified death up until recently . One need only read the famous martial speech from Shakespeare's Henry V to understand the West's previous 'eagerness' to die a glorious death

Whoever does not have the stomach for this fight, let him depart. Give him money to speed his departure since we do not wish to die in this mans company. Whoever lives past today and comes home safely will rouse himself every year on this day, show his neighbor his scars, and tell embellished stories of all their great feats of battle. These stories he will teach his son and from this day until the end of the world we shall be remembered. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers, for whoever has shed his blood with me shall be my brother. And those men afraid to go will think themselves lesser men as they hear of how we fought and died together.

John Blackthorne, the 'hero' of the novel, has very similar attitude towards death. Clavell makes it clear that Blackthorne's attitude towards death is not at all different from the samurai, on many occasions he is prepared to die fighting with honor rather than shame himself, for example "if he (Blackthorne) had to die he preferred to die now with pride than later." . Blackthorne's attitude towards death and dying gloriously in battle agrees, if not exceeds, his samurai 'colleagues'. He views suicide as cowardly, he would much rather die in battle. Blackthorne remarks of a man who is about to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide, in the heat of battle "If he wants to die for Christ's sake, […] why doesn't he help his men? If he wants to die, why doesn't he die fighting, like a man? .

Loyalty is also a value that the West holds in very high esteem. Take for example the legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, probably the best-known piece of folklore in Western literature. These tales are filled with stories of the knights' devotion to King Arthur, all swearing undying loyalty to King Arthur's crown. Speaking of knights, chivalry, the code of knighthood, closely resembles bushido, and the two social classes are quite alike. Both codes have a strict sense of honor, discipline and loyalty. The samurai are the Eastern Knights of the Round Table, and the European knights are akin to the Ch shingura (League of Loyal Hearts).

The problem with stereotyping a people is that it makes too big a generalization. It 'characterizes' an entire people, there is no room left for individuality. By stereotyping the Japanese as suicidal, one can assume that they are totally alien and foreign to the West, since the Western notion of death is to avoid at all costs. But since James Clavell demonstrates that the West once thought as the Japanese did, he is matching the Japanese with the West. By presenting the similarity in thinking between the Japanese and the West, Clavell confirms that they are not total polar opposites.

By proving that the West and the East are indeed similar in more ways than one, James Clavell is trying to make the audience realize that the Japanese are human, that they as a people and their way of thinking are not totally alien to the West. In reality, humans are all the same, the only differences between one person and another are cultural. So why do racism and discrimination exist? Can one culture be 'superior' to another?

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Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...

Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...

Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...

Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...

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Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...

Alcohol and Health Two Works Cited and Two Works Consulted Alcohol has a tremendous negative impact on the body. Any quantity of alcohol that is ingested, no matter how little, may cause harm to the body and will certainly never provide any benefit. At one time, it was widely believed that alcohol was useful as a medicine and it was recommended for warming the body, helping the heart, and resuscitating those who have fainted or who are in a state of shock. Extensive research by scientists and physicians has proven that alcohol should never be utilized as a medicine. Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.10). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the de...

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Immigration in Australia. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Immigration in Australia paper right on time.

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Research Essay â€" Immigrants in Australia

Australia is known throughout the world as a multicultural society, its large-scale migration program at the end of World War II is thought to be one of the major building foundations leading to our identity. Agreements were reached with Britain, some European countries and with the International Refugee Organisation to encourage migration, including displaced people from war-torn Europe . Australia’s population rose shortly after this program was introduced and the population grew from million to a staggering 1.5 million people . Since then the number slowly declined but now once again it is rising and a new yet old argument has re-emerged. The controversial argument is on whether more immigrants should be allowed into Australia at their current rate. This topic is debatable today and doubtlessly will be for many years to come, there are both advantages and disadvantages of immigrants. Immigrants can offer us a chance to broaden our cultural and religious understanding, offer a certain amount of security and will be needed to boost our population, yet on the other hand, migrants also come at the risk of people’s jobs, at the possible loss of our nation’s identity also a lot of other important factor which must be considered.

Firstly, we must clarify the difference between refugees and immigrants, for even though this may seem obvious to some, many do not know and often are badly mistaken on the difference. †A refugee is a person fleeing from their country for their safety. Where an immigrant is †a foreigner coming from overseas for either financial or personal reasons to stay in a country permanently. The tax which many people argue that they are forced to pay in order to keep immigrants in detentions centres, to keep some out and similar things, are not for exactly immigrants yet instead refugees or illegal immigrants. The amount of money in tax that an average person has to pay on legal immigrants is small to none therefore not an important matter to discuss on this issue.

Australia does have an identity to live up to, our multicultural diversity is known throughout the world and it cannot be ignored when deciding on this subject. Our nation has set a good example in the recent crisis in our world, an example which we made at a risk for we too are now a target for terrorism. Terrorism is something that affects all countries throughout the world but to some more than others, the advantage that we could gain by having a large amount of immigrants could lower our chances of having a terrorist threat. The current amount of Muslims in Australia is great but with an increase our danger lessons, leading to a great example of why we should encourage immigration.

Recent migrants in Australia have greatly influenced all of our lives both culturally and economically. Migrants have created new business for local Australians and continue to do so eg Restaurants and local shops. They have offered Australians a unique opportunity to broaden our cultural and religious understanding, which is not possible in many countries today or at least not to the same extent. It is true that many Australians believe that the increase of immigrants is at the risk of their jobs and at the cost of many others and those who will come to be. These thoughts have not gone unspoken or heard but their worries must be put at rest. Immigrants have actually filled many needed jobs for Australians that they could or would not take up thus not really effecting the amount of jobs available for the locals for example a recent survey shows that 65% of Doctors in Australia are from Asian or European descent (not from Australia) . The department of Immigration also clearly acknowledges that the majority of migrants are accepted through the †skill streamthus they are qualified and can bring their knowledge from overseas and offer their services here .

Immigrants in Australia have also proven to be prepared to work for cheap labour or lower wage jobs that many average Australians simply refuse to do, thus they are offering their services for a fraction of the amount many Australians would agree to work for â€" Making many manufacturers and companies in Australia a chance for cheap labour.

A problem which arises with immigrants coming into Australia is that they are always led to the large or more developed cities such as Sydney and Melbourne thus putting more pressure on the environment in those parts. It also raises the government’s immediate problem with the current price of houses in these parts of Australia. Experts now agree that it’s practically impossible for young/future Australians to get a decent sized house or in some cases a house at all. This problem is currently being seen to, with more things being thought of that may appeal to immigrants and other Australians to come to less urbanised areas.

Many also argue that we may lose our own cultural identity as more immigrants come, yet statistics from the department of Immigration prove this not to be true. The excess of births over deaths has contributed more to the population’s growth than net overseas migration (see table below ). Therefore we have no need to worry about the possible loss of our cultural identity.

As you may have also noticed, Australia’s birth-rate is slowly declining and as we are already in an underpopulated country, the need for more immigrants grows. As Australia had realised during World War II, a large population = greater economic wealth.

It is a well known fact for many Australians that we have an aging population it is a fact which we all must face. The introduction of more immigrants ensures a more stable equilibrium in our population.

As you can see there are many good and bad points for immigration in Australia and as I and many others believe, the good far out weighs the bad, the need for migrants in today’s society is just too strong for us to ignore, whether it is for economic, cultural or security reasons, immigration is vital to our countries success. Everywhere we look there are immigrants helping everyday Australians whether it’s doctors and surgeons saving peoples lives to in the steelworks - helping our economy, immigrants are an asset to our society and a must for Australia for without them Australia loses it’s identity, the nations identity.

Bibliography

(Updated Aug. 00) http//www.immi.gov.au

This site offered me a wide range of information concerning Australian immigration standards, laws, facts and some statistics. It was the most helpful.

http//www.immigrationsolutions.com.au/main.htm

This site was helpful in finding possible solutions to problems that may arise if more immigrants are allowed into Australia.

Fredrick James, Immigrants A Closer Look, Yale U. P., 187

This book helped me in gathering information on immigration in general.

Bickman Tracy, The White Australian Policy (Sydney 11)

This source helped me in my work in the places that I have cited and others as well.

World Book Encyclopaedia 7, Volume A-AY, I-IL

This encyclopaedia helped me to get a better understanding of immigration and it’s role in Australia

Please note that this sample paper on Immigration in Australia is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Immigration in Australia, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Immigration in Australia will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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In today's society it is very unfortunate that the appearance of women is so significant. Relationships strictly based on looks will most likely always exist, however, the hope that one is loved for who they are inside remains within most of us. Every individual finds being praised exceptionally flattering, whether it is for his or her appearance or for his or her personality. With a comical touch the poet ridicules the tradition of comparing one's beloved to all things beautiful under the sun, and to things divine and immortal as well. In Sonnet 10, William Shakespeare proves that love is far more precious than beauty. Although he does at no point praise his lover's appearance, he preserves her dignity and emphasizes the importance of a woman's personality, rather than physical appearance.

This sonnet plays an elaborate joke on the values of love, which are common amongst most other poems, and that are still funny to society today. Shakespeare uses metaphors throughout his three quatrains, and in his final couplet to make highly idealizing comparisons between nature and the poets' lover that were, if taken literally, completely bizarre. In the first quatrain, the speaker spends one line on each comparison between his mistress and something else; the sun, coral, snow, and wires--the one positive thing in the whole poem some part of his mistress is like

My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;

Coral is far more red than her lips' red;

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If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;

If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. (Shakespeare 1-4)

In the first and second lines, it seem as though the speaker is trying to ridicule someone. He is taking these metaphors at face value, and somewhat puzzled, decides to tell the truth. For example, Your mistress' eyes are like the sun? Shakespeare seems to be proving to this person, that his mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun. The fourth line portrays his wittiness. Logically, since snow is white, one should accept that her breasts would then be somewhat darker. Whether this is trying to tell the readers that his mistress was truly dark seems doubtful, because most likely the poet is experimenting with our imaginations, to view the thoughts of his writing style. And finally the last line, which portrays her hairs as black wires, perhaps may imply that her hair was actually tangled and unkempt. The association of black may just be referring to her natural hair colour. Shakespeare is demonstrating that, by comparing his mistress to such images, he is leading the reader to believe that he does not in fact, love this woman.

Throughout the second and third quatrains, Shakespeare expands the descriptions to occupy two lines each, so that roses/cheeks, perfumes/breath, music/voice, and goddess/mistress each receive a pair of unrhymed lines. This creates the effect of an expanding argument, and conveniently prevents the poem from becoming dry. Shakespeare depicts all the qualities that his mistress is lacking, rather than what makes her physically attractive

I have seen roses damasked, red and white,

But no such roses see I in her cheeks

And in some perfumes is there more delight

Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. (Shakespeare 5-8)

In lines seven and eight Shakespeare staggers the readers with his choice of words. Perhaps in Shakespeare's time, the smell of the breath of a lover was meant to be sweeter than all perfumes, but in this case he is verifying that indeed it is not true. Also, the use of the word "reeks" in his day was probably not quite as harsh, especially to the concept of beauty, as it is today. There seems to be little doubt that Shakespeare could have used a more flattering word if he wished to imply that his mistress was an example of possible pleasure. As for lines nine and ten, curiously, these two lines almost express the opposite of their exact meaning. One is tempted to read 'I love to hear her speak, for the sound is far more pleasing than music to my ear.' In fact, that is a stronger meaning than the more obvious one, because the claim that he loves to hear her overcomes the problem of his previous fact that music might be better. However it is charming that he still would prefer to listen to her voice. The last two lines of the third quatrain simply mean that his beloved is human and has earthly feet. The poet is stating that great comparisons are not significant, for his lover is beautiful without being a goddess. She is delightful in his eyes, and in many other ways.

Seeing as how Shakespeare did not present this woman with any realistic compliments throughout the poem, the conclusion is quite a surprise "And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare/ As any she belied with false compare" (Shakespeare 1-14). As a reader, it is surprising that the speaker is in reality, in love with this woman. Sonnet 10 confirms that despite the fact that the speaker's mistress lacks the beautiful qualities that most individuals look for, he beyond doubt loves her. The meaning behind line thirteen is that he is telling his readers that his love for this woman is precious. The word "rare" means that she is something extraordinary to him. Therefore, in Shakespeare's last line, he is revealing that he did not 'falsely portray' the women, he was trying to tell the readers all along that he did in fact love her, but not for the obvious reason of her appearance and her characteristics. The "false compare" means that by making these deceptive comparisons, he made his readers believe that he did not find this woman irresistible. Also, the narrator verified that his affection for his lover is not strictly based on lust. He seems to be looking at the beauty inside this woman, rather than her physical appearance, which not many people look at.

The conclusion of Sonnet 10 is unpredicted due to the various lines of insults brought upon the mistress by the poet throughout the entire poem. He humiliates his mistress and then shocks the reader with his final couplet, announcing that he is without a doubt in love with this woman. It is at this point that he is able to preserve her dignity, demonstrating that it is the woman's personality that he sincerely loves, and not just her appearance. In the couplet, then, the speaker shows his full intention, which is that love does not have to be about beauty, in order to be real. Women do not need to look like flowers or the sun, in order to be attractive. Although Shakespeare's Sonnet 10 does not compliment his mistress until the final couplet and has many readers fooled, he has caught the attention of the readers by focusing on the realization that this woman is definitely worth meeting. He also shows the significance of getting to know an individual when you first meet them. When you fall in love with someone, after a long period of time you tend to disregard all of the imperfect characteristics. Throughout this poem, Shakespeare makes it easier to set eyes on true love, which comes from within.

Works Cited

Shakespeare, William. "Sonnet 10." The Norton Anthology of Poetry. Ed. Ferguson, M., Salter, M.J. & Stallworthy, J. New York W.W Norton & Company, 16. 40.

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The way in which a parent raises their child has a direct impact on the way the child perceives itself as well as how siblings perceive each other. In addition, the social atmosphere surrounding the child and any major crisis's that happen in their life, contribute to this perception.

In the story " Everyday Use" by Alice Walker, the daughters, "Dee" and "Maggie" are affected by all three criteria. The mother of these girls makes a life changing action due to the perception that the daughters have of themselves and each other. She realizes that how she handles the particular situation of the "quilt" will directly effect the confidence of her youngest daughter.

The past crisis that affected the two daughters was a fire that burned down their house. This crisis not only has a direct effect on Maggie's perception of herself, but also reveals Dee's personality to her mother. The mother remembers how she carried Maggie out of the burning flames and how pitiful and scared her daughter looked. Dee, on the other hand, was standing underneath a tree watching contently as the house went up in flames. The house was embarrassing to Dee and as her mother looked at her, she thought that Dee would start dancing on the ashes.

The fire left burn scars on Maggie. Ever since than, her lack of confidence deteriorated drastically which shows immensely in her physical actions. The mother refers to this behaviour a number of times when describing Maggie to the reader. She bluntly states that because of the fire, Maggie is "homely and ashamed of her burn scars down her arms and legs" and she walks like a "lame animal, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle". When comparing physical attributes, Dee is far prettier than Maggie is. Her skin is light compared to Maggie's, she has nicer hair and a fuller figure. It is know that a woman who feels physically appealing is more confident in herself than those that are not. Maggie, with burn scars, feels inferior to her sister. Dee is over confident and has no shame.

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In her social life, Dee has what seems to be a lot of friends. It seems like a catty group that cares for how one looks, dresses and how they appear to everyone else. To add to Dee's ego, her friends worship her not only because of her physical appearance but because she reads to them. She has many boyfriends and got serious with one in particular who abandoned her for a city girl. During the time she dated him she ignored her family. The fact that her boyfriend left her for a city girl had a direct effect on her ego. Instead of trying to become a smart city girl she went a different route. This is when she turned back to her routes. As for Maggie, her social life consists of the farm and direct family. It would be hard for her to make friends because at the young age, kids are ignorant. They would tease her and make her feel more insecure. This is why she stays home.

Dee is well educated and realized that if she wanted to have a life away from the farm that she would need a good education. Her mother is hopeful of her becoming something with her life and even raised money with the church to send her away to school. Maggie on the other hand is not too bright. It never states the education that she is acquiring but she does know how to read. The problem is that she can't see well. Her mother has already arranged a marriage for her so that she will be taken care of knowing that she does not have the same potential as her sister, Dee.

The setting of the story is during the 160's. There was still a strong impact on racial discrimination. The mother states that she would never look a white man in the eye, which implies she feels inferior to the "white man". She is big, uneducated, and manly and is a single mother. Her feelings about herself are greatly projected in how she deals with her daughters. She feels that Dee is beautiful and educated, which means that Dee has potential to become a "somebody". She lets Dee do what she wants when she wants and buys her new clothes so that Dee will be happy. The mother feels that Maggie is not pretty and not smart and that is why she arranged the marriage for Maggie. She doesn't think that Maggie will find somebody on her own.

The mother's in turn caused Dee to be a user, spoiled, confident and "Know it all". Dee insisted on reading to her mother and Dee but would stop in time for them to not learn enough treating them like dimwits. She was always trying to tell them things they didn't know to make her self feel even more superior which made Maggie feel inferior. She was embarrassed about their house and when she left for school she promised to visit but not with her friends. When she did come home she couldn't stop taking pictures of the house. This shows the way she shifts her attitudes because of social pressures.

Maggie always felt in the shadows and in awe of her sister. She was scared of her sister because the way Dee controlled her mother. By always succumbing to Dee, Maggie felt that Dee was her superior and it showed when she was nervous about the arrival of her sister. Maggie believed that her sister "held life in the palm of her hand and she was always getting the short end of the stick. She never complained because she believed that this is how God worked. Dee wasn't nice to Maggie and I believe would refer to Maggie as being stupid a great deal. She stated at one point during the visit that Maggie's brain is like and elephants The mother never seemed to interfere or stick up for Maggie.

All in all, this led up to the big even with the "quilt". Dee wanted the quilt and her mother promised it to Maggie. Dee already claimed it for her own and even backed away when her mother tried to take it from her. Maggie at first was upset and slammed the kitchen door but than afterwards, knowing her fate, told her mother that Dee could have the quilt. Her mother says that she felt like something knocked her on the head I think kind of like knocking sense into her. The sense was that she finally realized that how she treated her daughters greatly affected their confidence. Dee's confidence was already so great that if her mother said "No" it wouldn't affect her. On the other hand, if the mother said "Yes" to Dee it would have just went along with all of Maggie's perceptions of her sister, never hearing the word "No", and her confidence would never grow. Because the mother said yes, Maggie grew instant confidence, was not scared of her sister anymore and actually gave a real smile to Dee when she left.

I believe the mother was so busy in life, being a single mom trying to provide for her daughters, that she didn't realize the effect she was having on them. Dee took advantage of it and Maggie accepted everything the way it was. The quilt for Dee was an object of social status that she could show her friends how concerned she was about her routes. As for Maggie, the quilt was a sentimental object. Dee still did not change from the experience but a whole new world opened up for Maggie and the mother as well. Dee is already an independent young woman and doesn't need her mother's approval or affection anymore. Maggie is still young and insecure. Now that her mother is aware of how her behaviour affects Maggie it will in turn change the way Maggie feels about herself.

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An English writer by the name of George Orwell published a book in 1943, called Animal Farm. In the eyes of Mr. Orwell, the sole purpose of the book was to expose the Soviet myth of Russia's acclaimed socialist utopia in a way that almost anyone can comprehend. The simplicity of language in the book and the usage of animals to convey the message made it a prime candidate for a cartoon version and thus one was created. The book Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the events that followed shortly after. In order for the reader to be able to get a firm grasp on the conditions in Russia before, during and after the revolution, George Orwell took great care in ensuring that the all the characters in the book could easily be identified with their Russian revolution counterpart. While reading the book, one should easily be able tell the parallel personality for each character because of George Orwell's very accurate descriptions of the characters. As a result, a great deal of characterization is visible in most parts of the book, as he is constantly building upon the characters.

The movie Animal Farm on the other hand is quite different. In the movie, very little time (relative to the book) is spent on developing the characters. In some instances during the movie we discover that there are some characters in the book that are not mentioned in the movie (e.g. clover). Also, in Animal Farm the movie, there is little dialogue among the animals, unlike the book. In the book, it is this dialogue that really helps us understand the type of regime in Russia at the time. If someone were to watch the movie but never read the book, it would probably be a lot harder to see the relationship to the Russian revolution.

In the book, some of the instances that occur in Animal Farm play important roles later on in the book. At the start of the book you are introduced to a flurry of thoughts and ideas that are very influential throughout the remainder of the book. The exposition begins with Old Major, telling the animals of a dream he has in which all animals are free from the oppressive human management and equal amongst each other. He is a prophet, planting the seeds of rebellion in the minds of the animals that have gathered around to listen to what he has to say. It is this powerful speech that is the means for the animal revolution, which occurs not too long after. In the book, they also sing the song 'Beasts of England', which becomes their national anthem and it is sung throughout the book, playing an important role later on. There are many other things, which occur in the exposition that become important symbolisms as the book progresses.

The elucidation in Animal Farm the movie is the same as the books in terms of plot, but it is different in many other ways. One must remember that the movie is merely an adaptation of the book into film, so almost all the events that take place in the book will take place in the film. This is the case with the film, yet many other key differences can be seen between the two. Firstly, the film seemed to rush through some of the events, which are very important later on in the book. For example, in the book, Orwell describes many of the animals that are important to the book. In the film, very little time is spent on developing the characters of the important animals. Also, the song 'Beasts of England' is not sung with words in the film, unlike the book. Reiterating the statement in the last paragraph, this song plays a very pivotal role later on in the book. While reading the book, one soon begins to fell sympathetic towards the animals on Animal Farm. In the film, it is harder for the audience to feel as sympathetic as they may in the book because they don't know the characters very well.

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Animal Farms' theme is very apparent at the end of the book. The theme is that ' it is impossible to attain a form of Utopia in which everyone is equal and treated fairly'. This theme is further solidified by its usage of events, which mirror those of the Russian revolution. The theme is fully realized right at the end of the book, when the rest of the animals are separate from the pigs, who are in the former house of Mr. Jones, drinking alcohol with the humans. Just this one scenario blatantly defies everything the animals stood for when they first had the revolution, and the reasons they had it in the first place. The ending of the book is so blunt that the point George Orwell is trying to make hits you like a ton of bricks, and you can truly see how flawed the animals were in their notions of living in a Utopia.

From only watching the film, I doubt that one would grasp the message that George Orwell was trying to send as fully as one would if he/she read the book. There are numerous reasons for this, one of the most significant of which is that a film doesn't have a books capacity to pay attention to detail. This is very important in a book such as Animal Farm, in order for one to get Orwell's message, one has to be able to empathize with the animals at some level. The book explains in detail the harsh and unjust conditions of the other animals, making it easy to identify with them, unlike the film, which merely paints a scant picture of what the animals are going through. The other, more obvious reason for why one may get a different message from watching the film is that the endings are completely different. As mentioned previously, it is the ending of the book that really drives Orwell's point home. In the film, this isn't the case at all. At the end of the film, animals all over the country come together and incite revolution once again, but this time it is against the pigs. They can't stand the conditions they have been subjected to and therefore decide to rebel again, for the same principle as the first revolution against the humans. This confuses the audience with different possibilities for a theme. The theme may be that the quest for a Utopia is just a vicious cycle of revolutions, leading nowhere. The other is may be that one can never give up hope for a Utopia and must keep trying, even if it means more revolutions. In the book, there is no revolution against the pigs; the other animals are doomed to a life of misery, with no hope. I think that this would make the first theme the more acceptable one, but still not the same as the theme conveyed by George Orwell in the book.

It's quite apparent that there are many significant differences between Animal Farm the book and it's film adaptation. There are a number of differences between the use of characterization and the exposition, but the most important one is the difference in the theme. George Orwell's sole purpose in writing this book was to expose to the world Russia's mythical socialist utopia for what it really was, an oppressive regime in which the doctrines of socialist utopianism were completely disregarded. He wants the reader to know that the theory of a country in which everyone is equal, free and happy is but an illusion, a deception of reality, which is, that 'power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely'. That once tainted with the feeling of power, most will stoop to any level, and do whatever the cost to maintain that power. In my opinion, this idea isn't properly presented in the movie and thus hinders the powerful message that George Orwell was trying to send to people all over the world.

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(Some Person), [pause] age (??), [pause] died (??), (??). [Pause] For two years he had complicated breathing, was always coughing, and couldn't walk as fast as he could before because he couldn't get enough air to his lungs. Do you know why? He smoked for more than two thirds of his life starting in his teens. His smoking caused his life to end. Smoking can cause major problems in your life as well as his. For that reason is why I am here today to talk to you about not smoking cigarettes. I want to influence your minds with the reasons why you shouldn't smoke by how young people start smoking, the diseases and treatments caused by smoking, and the average results to smoking. Plus, you should be aware of all of the bad attributes that come with smoking. With statistics as they are, I'm telling you this information in advance before you decide you want to slowly put your life to an end.

[Walk to different place in room]

SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING Smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, Emphysema, and may complicate pregnancy.

[Pause]

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[Walk to different place in room]

SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health.

[Pause]

[Walk to different place in room]

I know that you people know others your age that smoke, and I also know that you have heard one or both of these disclaimers saying this product (cigarettes) can harm your body. However, the statistics tell me that both of these disclaimers are not good enough. The average smoker starts smoking at the age of 1 and becomes a daily smoker by age 18. A poll taken in 11 showed the American people that an estimated 5 million packs of cigarettes were sold illegally to minors, and in 17 daily smokers aged 1 to 17 years smoked approximately 4 million packs of cigarettes. That is a lot of smokes to be consumed by people your age.

Now, all of these packs of cigarettes are not just paper rolled up and smoked. These cigarettes contain harmful ingredients that cause many health problems that are reversible, and in the case of death, irreversible. There are over 600 different additives and 4,000 different chemicals that are added to cigarettes to make them more addicting. I have an Ingredient and Additive Reporting Form from the British of Columbia. It lists just the basic ingredients of cigarettes. These harmful ingredients cause many short term and long term effects. Some of the short-term effects include respiratory and non-respiratory problems including addiction to nicotine, and the associated risk of other drug use. Long-term health consequences of youth smoking is reinforced by the fact that most young people who smoke regularly continue to smoke throughout adulthood. These consequences include Leukoplakia, or whitish patches on their gums or the lining of their cheeks. A second consequence is Erythroplakia, or reddish patches in the mouth. Once any type of oral cancer starts, it can spread rapidly not only to other parts of the mouth and throat but also to lymph nodes in the neck, from where it can be dispersed to all areas of the body. That is why oral cancers are often fatal.

To scare those who don't smoke yet and to those who already do, here are a few more consequences. Smokers have a lower level of lung function than those who have never smoked and also starting at a young age reduces the rate of lung growth. This causes problems for those who participate in sports or in any brass instrument classes or programs. So lets say right now you have a normal sized lung for your age and you can breathe fine, but you smoke. Over the course of a few years your lungs will probably not be large enough to receive the required amount of oxygen your body needs to function properly.

Take these straws, stand up, and hold your nose. Now while doing that start jogging in place and put the straw up to your lips and try breathing through the straws for a few moments. This experiment is a good example of the oxygen your body is not getting if you are a regular smoker. The longer you jog in place and breathe though the straws the more your body needs the oxygen.

This lung here on the left is a lung that is of a non-smoker. This lung on the right has 0 years of tar and other grime that has accumulated from their continuous bad smoking habit.

Once cancer of the mouth or lungs is found, the next step is to determine whether it has spread and to what parts of the body. X-rays, CT scans, sonograms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans help in this regard. Treatment consists of some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and decisions are often complex, requiring coordination by a team of specialists.

Since the release of the first Surgeon General's report on smoking and health in the United States in 164, about 10 million people have died from smoking related diseases in the United States. If current smoking patterns continue, an estimated 5 million Americans will die prematurely from a smoking-related illness, including an estimated 5 million people ho are now children and adolescents under the age of 18 years. You don't want to die, so don't smoke!

Have you seen the billboard that was along the highways a few years back that had a bunch of animals smoking cigarettes and had the quote, 'Looks just as stupid when you do it?' Well, for most non-smokers it does look pretty dumb to see some white thing hanging out of your mouth like your retarded and eat paper. If I want to see smoke coming from something, I'll go sit by a campfire that doesn't smell as bad. The clothing that smokers wear is unbearable. When a person comes into a store after just putting out their cigarette and you are near, you probably can smell him right? Now, which would you like to smell trash, smoke from a cigarette, or a car air freshener? I would think even to a smoker that is an easy one. I don't know about you people, but the first thing I notice about a stranger is their smile (if they have one) and their teeth. It doesn't give a good impression when they have yellow or discolored teeth. Their breath is enough to gag on as well as their teeth. Plus when you meet a stranger, you can tell if they smoke or not. They just reek of the smell of smoke, which in my opinion is very vile.

There are many different forms of anti smoking patches and gum out on the market. Every time a smoker gets a craving, they should go out and buy some nicotine gum and chew that instead. The patch is good for times when you can't chew gum and need to relax and get rid of the cravings. I believe that a third good method can be used to get people to stop smoking. Love. Showing love towards a smoker to get them to quit I believe is better and cheaper than any anti-smoking drug out there. It's even better than another alternative, which is counseling.

I have hopefully shown you enough evidence and distasteful habits of smoking that those of you who do smoke will see that it isn't all that healthy to do it. Those who don't smoke I want to believe now that you will never touch the stuff. Today I have brought to your attention the ages of smokers, diseases from smoking, body malfunctions, end results of smoking, other ugly effects, and ways to quit. The best way not to cause premature death is not to start. Thank you for you time.

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Sources of competitive advantage

?nbsp; Located stores in isolated rural areas and small towns, usually with populations of 5,000 to 5,000 ?a market that was ignored by the other players.

?nbsp; The pattern of expansion was "pushing from inside out? The position of strength thus built in a region enabled WalMart to take on its rivals in bigger markets.

?nbsp; Extremely competitive in terms of setting prices. Typically, a -4% pricing differential between WalMart and its best competitors in most markets. Offered consumers brand name merchandise for less than department and specialty stores.

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?nbsp; Simple and cost-effective advertising. WalMart was known for its national brand strategy, and the majority of its sales consisted of nationally advertised branded products. Advertising expense for WalMart was 1.5% of discount store sales compared with .1% of direct competitors. A marketing slogan "Always low prices-Always?emphasized the superior pricing position of WalMart.

?nbsp; Heavy investment in IT. Sales data of each WalMart store were collected and analyzed daily. The company could track product movements and customer preferences at a very micro level. This enabled managers to learn immediately what merchandise was moving slowly and thus avoided overstocking and deep discounting. A WalMart store devoted only 10% of its square footage to inventory, compared with an industry average of 5%. Thanks to the knowledge mined from sales and inventory data, WalMart merchandise could be tailored to individual markets, and in many cases, to individual stores.

?nbsp; WalMart tried to capitalize on every cost-cutting opportunity, and implemented processes and systems that led to cost-minimization.

Its operating expenses were 18.1% of discount store sales versus the industry average of 4.6%.

WalMart's rental expense was % of discount sales compared with an average of .% for its direct competitors.

A vast network of company-owned distribution centres ensured a smooth flow of products and huge cost cutting. With the "cross-docking?technique, goods were continuously delivered to stores within 48 hours and often without having to inventory them. This allowed Wal-Mart to replenish the shelves 4 times faster than its competition. The system also ensured that WalMart's cost of in-bound logistics was .7% of discount store sales compared with 4.8% of its direct competitors.

Shrinkage cost was estimated to be approximately 1.7% of WalMart discount store sales in 1, compared with an average % for direct competitors.

?nbsp; Wal-Mart has effectively leveraged its volume buying power with its suppliers. WalMart eliminated manufacturers?representatives from negotiations with suppliers at the beginning of 1, leading to an estimated savings of -4%.

?nbsp; Over time, WalMart's relationships with some its suppliers evolved into partnerships, a key element of which was sharing information electronically to improve performance.

?nbsp; WalMart called its employees associates. The organizational culture stressed the key role of associates who were motivated by more responsibility and recognition than their counterparts at other discount stores. It gave more autonomy to store managers in setting prices.

WalMart mostly promoted people internally and practiced profit-sharing among employees, resulting in higher employee morale and productivity.

Sustainability of competitive advantages

Throughout the 180s, Wal-Marts strategic intent was to unseat industry leaders Sears and Kmart, and become the largest retailer in the U.S. Wal-Mart accomplished this goal in 11. But Wal-Marts current strong competitive position and its past rapid growth performance do not necessarily guarantee that the company will remain as the industry leader or maintain its strong business position in the future.

?nbsp; Competitors had already started coming into the previously uncovered small towns and rural markets.

?nbsp; Most of the advantages gained through use of information technology can be replicated.

?nbsp; Difficulty (and the barrier) would be for the brand, relationship with buyer and the HR aspects.

?nbsp; The scale of operations of WalMart would also be an advantage coupled with the fact that they are very high on the learning curve in this business.

Diversification moves

- Initially diversification based on store type (related diversification ?only seeking into new segment of customers and not new products)

- Later on products (unrelated areas - first food retailing through supercenters and now into books, etc which till now had given very little revenue)

- They were closing down several stores (only 15% greater than 8 years) and so Bud's store was a utility based diversification

Sam's Clubs

High-volume (to compensate for very narrow profit margins), low-cost merchandise and minimization of handling costs enabled passing on of cost savings to customers.

Members (70% of whom are businesses) are offered merchandise at wholesale prices for use in their own operations, resale to their customers or personal use. With this move, they are effectively broadening their customer base to include other businesses, federal govt., schools and universities, hospitals, credit unions, etc.

Rather than give competitors any openings, Sam's Clubs were located close to one another sometimes leading to cannibalization of their own sales.

This diversification enabled its entry into Arizona, Rhode Island, Utah, Washington and California, with the acquiring of of K-Mart's PACE clubs as overcapacity within the industry lead to consolidation. Thus, with this move, they entered into the warehouse club market, accounting for % of the industry volume in 1, with sales in the industry projected to increase further in the coming year ($40.5 billion projected for 14).

Supercenters

A one-stop family shopping convenience a full line of groceries and general merchandise under one roof - offering limited package sizes and brands in order to keep costs low.

They also housed bakeries, delis and other convenience shops thus attracting more customers and giving tough competition to the supermarkets. This is especially true for the grocery section.

Profits generally came from higher margin general merchandise and the supercenters saw the sales in general merchandise nearly double from $6.4 billion in 185 to $1. billion in 1.

However, there is a high likelihood of the supercenters cannibalizing into the customers of the WalMart discount stores. Thus, they could maybe follow K-mart's strategy of building new Super K-marts to replace one or more traditional discount stores in a market.

International Expansion

After achieving a presence in 47 states by early 14, looking beyond the borders of the United States was David Glass?strategy.

WalMart expanded into Mexico and Canada and plans were on to enter South America and China.

With favorable predictions of international sales at $100 billion from analysts, WalMart can only gain from this strategy.

With their legacy of taking good care of their associates, strong supply chain logistics, maintenance of technological superiority and keeping the customer first, WalMart has a good chance to succeed in this endeavor.

The only criteria would be to test the market to see whether such a model will work in the foreign environment.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on jazz history. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality jazz history paper right on time.

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Music of The swing Era,

The Five Most Significant Big Bands and Their Theme Songs

Duke Ellington (Take The A Train)

Count Basie (April In Paris)

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Benny Goodman (Lets Dance)

Jimmy Lunceford (Lunceford Swing)

Glen Miller (In The Mood)

Important Facts To Remember-

These bands were the refined versions of the seminal work of Flecther Henderson, the architect of the big band style. henderson was know not only as a bandleader but as a great arranger and was hired in the latter capacity to write arrangements for the Goodman orchestra. From his big band emerged the first two great jazz horn soloist-

Louis Armstrong- who had already attained fame in Chicago with King Oliver. In NYC, with Henderson, Armstrong broadened his public appeal and made more significant recordings. After Henderson, he returned to Chicago and organized the Hot 5 and Hot 7 for recording. The time spent in Hendersons band was critical in his growth as a player

Coleman Hawkins- is considered the Father of the Tenor Saxophone in jazz and was clearly the most influencial player on that instrument throughout the swing era. His sound and approach became the model for the great majority of tenor players of the 10s-40s.

Benny Carter (107- ) - the lead alto sax player and also a prominanet arranger for the Henderson band. He went on to have a long and brilliant career as a bandleader, solo recording artist, arranger, composer. educator and is the last remaining Original Jazz Master in American history.

Duke Ellington Orch.- Had the longest tenure under one leader (50 yrs) of all the bands of this era. This was the most recorded big band in American music history. Dukes style as a pianist was rooted in stride but his style as a composer showed an affection for traditional New orleans Jazz and borrowed from European Classical concepts of form, structure and harmony. his tunes are characterised by beautiful and striking melodies that are highly chromatic.He is recognized as Americas greatest and most prolific Black composer (over 1000 documented compostions) and one of the most important composers world wide in the 0th century.

Innovations associated with Ellington and his band-

(1) wrote specifcally for members of his band thus establishing many of the great solo artist of the swing era

() Trumpeters Bubber Miley and Cootie Williams developed the plunger mute technique in his band and Duke cultivated the technique through his writing.

() Duke created the technique known as instrumentalized voice(wordless melodies that were sung)

(4) Promoted the great soloists in his band to m ajor levels of exposure-

Johnny Hodges (most ifluencial alto saxophonist to emerge from the swing era)

Harry Carney (most influencial Baritone Saxophonist to emerge from the swing era)

Ben Webster (prominent tenor sax soloist, considered to be the biggest rival of Coleman Hawkins)

Paul Gonsalves - the most featured soloist in the Ellington band from 151-174. A great tenor soloist whose performance of Diminuendo and crescendo in Blue at the 155 Newport Jazz Festivals is considered one of the most famous live solo performances in Jazz history.

Jimmy Hamilton - is considered one of the greatest clarinets in the history of jazz, esp. in the skills associated with the New Orleans tradition. Was the biggest rival to the fame of Benny Goodman.

Jimmy Blanton - considered to be the first true jazz bass soloist, whos work liberated the bass from a supportive role and function in the band

Clark Terry - great trumpet soloist with Ellinton band and was the first significant player to use the flugelhorn as a prominent solo instrument

Louie Bellson- drummer who invented the double bass drum and used it prominently during his time in the band.

Ellingtons chief collaborator was Billy Strayhorn, who was an extremly gifted pianist, lyricist, songwriter and composer. Strayhorn composed Take The A Train, the bands theme song, which was the only major Ellington recording that was not composed by Ellington in any capacity.

Benny Goodman - nicknamed The King of Swing and led the most popular and most visable swing band of the era. His unit was known as a well rehearsed and polished ensemble that was enhanced in terms or authenticity by the arrangements of Fletcher Henderson. Goodman was one of the first Jazz artists to record both jazz and classical music as a soloist.

Major contributions--

(1) Goodman hosted a coast-to-coast live radio show called Lets Dance which help bring about a great rise in popularity of swing as the most popular dance music of the 10s. This was the first time that a form of jazz was the most popular music of the day. Goodman was the first jazz musician to have such an opportunity.

() organized various configurations of his unit to work in large or small situations

a. trio- Goodman (cl.), Teddy Wilson (pno) and Gene Krupa (dms)

b. quartet- trio plus Lionel hampton (vibes)

c. sextet- quartet, plus Charlie Christian (quitar) and Artie Berstein (bass)

These were also the first intergrated performing units. Goodman had earlier broken the color line in Jazz by hiring Henderson as an exclusive arranger, but the performing unit was still an all white band. With the inclusion of Teddy Wilson and later Lionel Hampton (vibraphone, quartet, sextet and big band) and guitarist, Charlie Christian (sextet and big band), Goodman officially set forth with efforts to bring great musicians together to make great music without regard to color.

additional sidemen of note-

Gene Krupa- considered to be the most visible, high-profile drummer of the swing era.

Harry James- a prominent trumpet soloists who was a transitional figure between swing and bebop.

Count Basie- considered the most swinging and hard driving of all of the Big Five Basies band is felt to be the one most closely linked to the core elements of jazz- deeply rooted in the traditions of the blues, boogie woogie, stride piano withless emphasis on elaborate arrangements and more blowing space for the limitless and gifted players in his band. A composer of sorts but nowhere as prolific as Ellington, Basies band was ancored by four players considered to be the prototype model for the modern rhythm section in Jazz -

Count Basie -piano, a stride master who later evolved to become a minimulist type of player who utilized space for taste and punctuation. He developed the art of comping and his style became associated with lightness of touch and an exploitation of the higher register of the piano.

Freddie Green - acoustic rhythm guitar, playing crisp, relaxed strokes evenly on all four beats of a swing pattern. He is considered the father figure of rhythm guitarists.

Walter Page- bass one of the first masters of the walking bass technique

Jo Jones - drums, light precision within a loose but assured manner., capable of playing very fast tempos without excess volume.

Additional soloists of note-

Lester Young - considered to be the most original and important solo saxophone artist to emerge from the swing era. His tenor saxophone work with regard to style, color and content greatly influenced a young alto sax artist, Charlie Parker (in Kansas City) and a score of tenor saxophonists in the jazz styles that followed swing- bebop, cool jazz and hard bop.

Don Byas- Youngs replacement in the Basie band was considered to be the most advanced tenor saxophone player with regard to harmonic sophistication and like Young was a transitional figure between swing and bebop

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on CASA. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality CASA paper right on time.

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"There was once a tree full of apples which was my family. Then one day I fell off. Some grownups came and put me in a pear tree. Then I fell off…" (Lawry 11) The words of an eleven year old in foster care show the uncertainty and loss of children who are taken from their homes and families because of abuse and neglect. Many children get stuck in "the system" moving back and forth from foster home to foster home or to group homes and shelters. Sometimes they are sent home to their biological families just to return to foster care. CASA volunteers work with attorneys, judges, and social workers to ensure children have safe homes to grow up in.

CASA, which stands for Court Appointed Special Advocates, is a national organization that was started in 177 by a judge in Seattle, Washington. "When you're involved with a child and you're trying to decide what to do to facilitate that child's growth into a mature and happy adult, you feel like you don't have sufficient information to allow you to make the right decision" (CASA). Superior Court Judge David Soukup realized that he needed more objective information for him to make his decision on each case. He came up with an idea that changed the courtroom procedures. He obtained funding and began to train community volunteers to investigate each case and speak up for the rights of children in the courtroom. In the first year he trained one hundred and ten CASA volunteers. The program was successful and soon judges across the country began training their own volunteers.

In 178, CASA received a grant from the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation of New York City and the CASA program was implemented in courts across the country, and in 18 the National Court Appointed Special Advocate Association was formed. Funding began coming from many other sources as well a grant from the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges; funding from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the Kappa Alpha Theta Foundation. Today, the National CASA Association supports over 00 Casa programs across the country. They provide technical assistance, fundraising and training to the local programs. They also sponsor a national conference and publish newsletters.

CASA volunteers do not have special legal training, but they go through a forty hour training program to learn about courtroom procedure, advocacy, and topics such as child development and sexual abuse. They also learn about substance abuse, domestic violence, foster care and juvenile laws. To be a CASA volunteer, one must be at least twenty-one years old, complete an in-depth interview, pass a criminal background check and complete the required training. CASA volunteers do not need to have had any previous legal experience. CASA volunteers may come from all walks of life, but they all have one trait in common. They are willing to make the time commitment and have a desire to make a difference in a child's life.

A CASA volunteer usually spends 10-0 hours a month on each child's case. They look into the circumstances of each child by interviewing the biological parents, family members, foster parents, teachers, social workers, health care professionals and anyone else who may have pertinent information. All of the information that they obtain is kept confidential. They prepare a report before the court hearing, and at the hearing this report is presented to the judge and attorneys involved in the case. CASA's goal is to obtain a permanent placement for children as quickly as possible. In one case a medically fragile child was born to a young alcoholic mother, who was not prepared to take care of the child. CASA dicussed the options with the mother and she came to the conclusion that she should give up her child for adoption. The baby was then able to be placed for adoption without the state getting involved. This decision avoided a lengthy court hearing (CASA).

In Georgia there are over 14,000 children involved juvenile and foster care system. Most of these children, who are victims of abuse and neglect, are taken from there homes and placed in the foster care system. CASA believes these children should have safe, permanent homes where all their needs are being met, but many are not. CASA steps in and advocates for these children. CASA serves as the eyes and ears of the court and are an independent source of information for the judge. The CASA volunteer stays involved in the case until there is a permanent solution for the child (CASA).

The Hall-Dawson CASA program began in 18. "CASA volunteers are ordinary citizens with extraordinary hearts." Connie Stephens, who was one of the first volunteers, is now the Executive Director. Hall-Dawson CASA is funded by National CASA, churches, community organizations, as well as individual contributions. They also have a Memorial/Honorarium Gift program. With this program, when a contribution is made, cards are sent to the one being honored or to the families of the one being remembered. Since 18 volunteers have served over 1400 children who were victims of abuse or neglect. In 00, CASA served 48 children, of which, 167 involved new children receiving services. Sixty-one percent of these children suffered from neglect, twenty-nine percent were physically abused, three percent were sexually abused, seven percent were abandoned. 187 children's cases were closed last year (CASA).

In one case two teenage girls were taken from there mother because of neglect. The mother suffered from severe depression and the father had not been involved in the girls life since they were very young. The girls also suffered from depression and had many emotional problems. The younger of the two had been sexually abused. The two girls were placed together in a foster home, but were moved shortly after. The older girl was placed in a emergency shelter, while the younger one was placed in another foster home. This placement also only lasted a short time and she was moved again. . She did very well in this foster home and CASA began to advocate for the girls to be placed together. When there was room in the foster home Nicole joined her sister. In the meantime, the paternal grandmother showed interest in the girls coming to live with her, but because she lived in another state, getting her home approved was a along drawn-out process. In the six months that it took for the approval, Nicole and Lynn became attached to their foster parents, but they were also excited about the prospect of going to live with their Grandmother. They moved in with their Grandmother, who after one week, decided she couldn't keep the girls because of their emotional problems. They were returned to Hall County DFCS and now needed another placement. Nicole and Lynn desired to be returned to their previous foster parents, who also wanted them to come back. But for some reason DFCS would not place them with the foster parents and had them both placed in an emergency shelter. CASA advocated for Nicole and Lynn to be placed back with the foster parents who loved them. After about three months they returned to the foster parents and their mother relinquished her rights so that the foster parents could adopt them. Since the adoption Nicole and Lynn have been doing very well (Nolley).

A CASA volunteer may be the one consistent person in a child's life. As children enter foster care they may be moved from home to home, and have many caseworkers, foster parents and schools. The CASA volunteer stays with the child until a permanent placement is found. CASA volunteers make a difference in the lives of abused children.

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Written in the 8th century when society was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity, the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf is believed to be the "lone survivor of a genre of Old English long epics" (Norton ). Although the author of Beowulf is unknown, "it is now widely believed that Beowulf is the work of a single poet who was a Christian and that his poem reflects well-established Christian tradition" (Norton ). Some scholars also believed that epic was originally written as pagan folklore but "it eventually was expanded to include Christian elements" (Smith par.). In the final battle between Beowulf and the dragon, as well as throughout the entire epic, there are various parallels between pagan beliefs, "drawing on pagan epic tradition for kings, heroes, and monsters while drawing on new Christian beliefs to present these characters as noble, in possession of the natural knowledge of God, willing to battle his enemies on earth, and therefore capable of redemption" (Smith par. ).

"Now I am old but as king of the people I shall pursue this fight for the glory of winning…" (Norton 86). Beowulf is the ideal hero strong, courageous, honorable, and chivalrous. He vows to protect his people for his own glory and status in society. He is also blessed with superhuman strength, another pagan characteristic. Although old in age and wounded from the dragon's fire and fangs, Beowulf is able to destroy the dragon with one final blow. "He tuck it deep in the dragon's flank. Beowulf dealt it a deadly wound" (Norton 0). Beowulf wanting a memorial mound for his people for him to remember him by is another pagan belief of immortality and carrying what is in one's present life on to the afterlife. This is why Beowulf asks Wiglaf to show him the dragon's treasure so that he may lay with it before he dies. "Order my troop to construct a barrow on a headland on the coast, after my pyre has cooled. It will loom on the horizon at Hronesness as a reminder among my people so that in coming times crews under sail will call it Beowulf's Barrow…" (Norton ). Beowulf is given a pagan ceremony with the burning of his body on a pyre. From a Christian perspective however, Beowulf's character is paralleled to Christ. Akin to Christ, Beowulf is a savior to his people. He attempts to battle the dragon alone, just as Christ faces Satan alone in their final confrontation. "This fight is not yours, nor is it up to any man except me…" (Norton 86). He believes in fate that is ordained by God, akin to Jesus accepting his fate of crucifixion. Before heading out to battle the dragon, Beowulf pauses to have his last discussion with his men and the thief who stole the cup from the dragon, identically as the last supper Christ had with his disciples and Judas, the traitor. Throughout the entire epic he constantly recognizes God as his Protector and in the last moment of his life, he confesses and gives thanks to God. "To the everlasting Lord of all, to the King of Glory, I give thanks that I behold this treasure here in front of me, that I have been allowed to leave my people so well endowed on the day I die" (Norton 1). He is aware, as Christ was aware, that he was at the end of his life. Just as Christ sacrificed His life for the sin of man, Beowulf sacrifices his life for the sin committed by the thief who stole the dragon's treasure.

Analogous to Beowulf, the dragon embodies pagan and Christian characteristics as well. Pagan folklore has often depicted evil in the form of a monster with supernatural features and powers. The dragon represents the evil that terrorizes and poses a major threat to society. This dragon personifies death and the evil of man that must be defeated by good. Greed, a major trait of the evil of man, is the cause of the dragon's rage and revenge. "The hoard-guardian scorched the ground as he scoured and hunted for the trespasser who had troubled his sleep" (Norton 81). The dragon is also a symbol of Satan and Satan's power. Like Satan, the dragon inhabits a dark and fiery lair, distant from all that is good. "It is no wonder then that the evil beasts themselves move about in darkness while shrouded in mist and tormented by the flames of their inner anguish. They seem always to carry their hell within them, as Satan himself notes 'Which way I fly is hell; myself am hell' (4.75)" (Smith par. 8).

Good vs. evil was a common theme used in pagan folklore where the hero (Beowulf) battles and kills an evil monster (dragon). Although Beowulf chooses to fight without any weapons in the first two battles against Grendel and Grendel's mother, he uses a sword and shield to conquer the dragon. "In this episode and in his final encounter with evil, Beowulf employs a weapon, and so his final two encounters are bloody. These battles allude more strongly to pagan rather than Christian practices, and I believe this is due to the fact that, ultimately, Beowulf is a fallen mortal and cannot be the true hero that Christ has become" (Smith par. 10). The pagan belief that good always prevails is also apparent in the conclusion of the rd battle when Beowulf defeats the undefeatable dragon regardless of his old age and severe wounding. As written in the Apocalypse, a knight by the name of "The word of God" defeats the dragon, as well as Beowulf, who is also a servant of God, defeats the dragon. The dragon "is made to fall by Beowulf (81b-5) in much the same way that Satan is made to fall by Christ" (Smith par.11). Christ forgave his enemies upon knowing of his mortal life coming to an end and confided in his disciples during the Last Supper that He would resurrect from the dead. Peter was the only disciple who unquestionably believed that Jesus would return. Similarly, Beowulf's men lose faith in their king's abilities to defeat the dragon and run away, except Wiglaf. Wiglaf is also a pagan symbol of the strong kinship ties and loyalty to his king. "Go on, dear Beowulf, do everything you said you would when you were still young and vowed you would never let your name and fame be dimmed while you lived. Your deeds are famous, so stay resolute, my lord, defend your life now with the whole of your strength. I shall stand by you" (Norton 8). Wiglaf also washes Beowulf's wounds after the battle, just as Jesus' wounds were washed after his crucifixion.

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According to the pagan heroic code, it is better to die on the battlefield than to live and lose shamefully. Thus, Beowulf is the ultimate pagan hero. Although Beowulf gives thanks to God and acknowledges Him as his Protector, his slaying of the dragon wins Beowulf heroic merit rather than attaining eternal salvation in the eyes of God. His motives for battling the dragon may have seemed to be Christ-like in the sense that he fought to save his people, however, at the moment of his death, he seeks material gratification through worldly treasure instead of spiritual gratification, and making sure his name is glorified and remembered. Beowulf was written as a classic example of pagan legend with Christian parallels and morals added to make the poem acceptable to a changing society. The ambiguity between Christian values and pagan folklore is results in continuous criticism and analyzation among scholars, students, and critics.

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