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In the short story, "The Old Chief Mshlanga" by Doris Lessing, the author recounts a personal experience during a time when Africans were colonized and brutally treated by the usurpative white owners. The protagonist, Nkosikaas had once been an unquestioning usurpative owner among all the other whites. By meeting with the Old Chief Mshlanga, Nkosikaas realized the cruelty of the whites and the possibility to treat blacks and whites equally. Through Lessing's vivid descriptions of the various settings, she manifestly indicates the fact that Nkosikaas and all the whites are intruders and do not possess the Southern African lands.

Although Nkosikaas, along with all the other whites, lives in an African society and has the power to demand the blacks to do unreasonable harsh works, she lives in total isolation. The story opens with the description of the family farm of the "white child," Nkosikaas. It's "like every white farm…largely unused, broken only occasionally by small patches of cultivation…nothing but trees and the long sparse grass." Nkosikaas' world is "white," lonely and empty. It's a world of isolation because there's nothing except a plain, flat field with a lack of cultivation and "sparse" grass and only "white" is present. There are no blacks in sight. Nkosikaas was not allowed to communicate with the blacks because they are just things for her to use; and "for if she talked to one of them, her mother would come running anxiously 'Come away; you mustn't talk to natives.' " Nkosikaas is very lonely; she does not even have any white companions, for only "on the rare occasions," the white children would meet. And if they did meet, they would only "amuse themselves by hailing a passing native in order to make a buffoon of him." Nkosikaas, along with all other the whites, does not have any interactions with the blacks, for they are perceived "as remote as the trees and the rocks (non-humans and things)." When Nkosikaas goes to the village of Chief Mshlanga, she feels an "urgent helpless desire to get to know these men and women as people," but she cannot express it just as Chief Mshlanga is "unable to find the right forms of courtesy for the occasion (that Nkosikaas is visiting their village)." The reason such a tension is created is that there has never been an occurrence like this. The whites never tried to befriend the natives, and the natives were never allowed to communicate with the whites except "Yes, Baas" when they are ordered to work. The "white," empty surroundings around Nkosikaas evidently indicate total non-communication and isolation.

Nkosikaas, along with all the whites, feels superior to the natives by treating them as things rather than humans who have feelings also, however, this superiority is achieved by the possession of weapons. Nkosikaas always carries a gun and two dogs when she walks around the farm because they are "an armour against fear." Her fear is not merely of wild animals but of the "dangerous" natives. When Nkosikaas walks towards the Old Chief's territory, she does not have the gun and the protection of her dogs. Thus, "Fear possessed me (her)" and "Panic seized me (her)." She does not know what the suppressed blacks would do to her when she does not have the weapons to force them to bow to her and to clear the path for her. Without weapons, Nkosikaas, along with all the other whites, loses her power to harass the natives. Without this power, she is just a migrant from the white world that has no control of the African lands. She would have no rights to demand the natives to obey her because she's an alien who does not belong to the African lands. The guns and the dogs serve as a veil, and without it, Nkosikaas and the whites would lose their sense of superiority.

When the whites harshly manipulate the natives as things and non-humans, they fail to recognize that they are actually inferior to the natives because they are disrespectful to the environment and to the natives, who are the actual owner of the lands. As Nkosikaas comes upon the Old Chief's world, she sees huts "lovingly decorated," "dogs lay sleeping on the grass," "neat patches of mealies and pumpkins and millet," and thatches "tied in place with plaits of straw." The loveliness, neatness, fruitfulness, and warmness are all what Nkosikaas' world lacks. The Old Chief's territory serves as an extreme contrast to Nkosikaas' "dirty and neglected," "largely unused," empty "white" and "sparse" farm compound. The contrast clearly reveals that the natives have complete love and understanding of their own land whereas the whites do not. The natives take care of their own land much better than the whites do. It also signifies that the beauty of the village of the natives contains hundreds of years of work. The natives are the descendants of that beauty. On the contrary, the whites' farm is just "a temporary home for migrants who had no roots in it." If this were a place passed down from the whites' ancestors, then the whites would do all their might in order to sustain their home. However, they lay the farm "largely unused" and broken with "small patches of cultivation." When Nkosikaas encounters Chief Mshlanga, she finds her voice "truculent" and finds "politeness difficult, from lack of use." However, Chief Mshlanga's company "stepped forward politely" and spoke English "carefully." The Chief and his company "showed courtesy, and I (she) showed none." Since the whites perceive the natives as things, non-humans, and savages, this incident would ironically imply that the whites are worse than things, non-humans, and savages. The whites claim the African lands as their own; however, they make no obligations to prove that the land should be theirs.

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In any perspective, whether it's isolation, the veil of superiority, or the failure to be better than the natives and take roots of the African lands, Doris Lessing thunderously denotes that the whites do not belong to these lands and they never will. Lessing suggests isolation by describing Nkosikaas' "white" and barren farm; she suggests the veil of superiority by adding or subtracting the guns and the dogs as Nkosikaas' possessions; and she suggests the whites' failure to prove that they are better by contrasting the beauty of the Chief's territory and the ugliness of Nkosikaas' farm compound. Apparently, the descriptions of settings contribute greatly to the meaning and the content of the short story. Therefore, various settings are an integral part of a piece of literary work.

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