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In the film "Brave Heart" it sets the scene with Scottish highlands, valleys, rivers and tranquil Scottish music playing softly in the background to show what the men are fighting for throughout the film.

I am going to show through mise-en-scene, camera angles and representation how this adds to the enjoyment of the film.

In the beginning the main character William Wallace's dad and brother are killed in battle and William attends both funeral. At William's fathers funeral a young country girl is also there, and when the service finished she picked a thistle and gave it to William as a present to show she was sorry that his dad had been killed. In this part of the film there is a close up on the country girl giving William the thistle. This is a significant part of the film as the thistle reoccurs later on in the film!

An important technique used in this film is mise-en-scene this term describes what the filmmaker has chosen to put in to the scene, it includes the setting, the costumes, the props, the look of the characters and their position in the frame. The camera angles and lighting are also important in the mise-en-scene of a shot.

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In the opening scenes the characters are dressed in tatty clothes to show they aren't well off. The camera angles are long shots to give an overall impression of the location as the camera shows fresh vegetation fields and Scottish highlands this gives the viewers a feel of unspoilt land, very peaceful and clam with Scottish music. This compares with the camera shots of scenes showing the darkness of the landscape and the rain, which is sad, and depressing it reflects the mood of the Scottish people at that time following the funeral of their King.

Before the Battle of Stirling the Scottish warriors prepared for war against the English. The scene shows the William and his men dressed in dark, plain clothing with their weapons made from wood which made them look home made and inferior to the English weapons. The English army's weapons were made from shiny metal that made them appear more effective. William painted his face blue which looked like part of a flag, the colour blue represents Scotland. The blue face paint makes William look ferocious and his long, wavy hair makes him look wild and tough, not to be messed with. The scene shows the Scottish and English both lined up ready to attack. Both sides looked very confident and determined to win the battle. The English were more physically prepared as they had been to battle before and had more body armour than the Scottish. The English army are shown on horseback. This gives the impression the English will have an advantage of the Scots as they are on foot.

But the Scottish are portrayed as more muscular. This is shown by the short-sleeved clothing that is worn in battle.

At the beginning of the battle the camera slowly pans along the line of the English and Scottish army in turn. This adds to the suspense that builds up before the battle starts. The camera picks up the determination on the faces of the warriors. There is a long camera shot to show the position of the two armies and the overall view of the battlefield.

Another technique used is Representation. This is the way the director chooses to present the characters in the film. For example in the wedding and market scenes William Wallace is portrayed as a peaceful man of love. William's facial expressions change from being a warrior to being a smiling, tender, gentle lover. He is shown gently stroking Murron's hair away from her face. In the wedding scene William rides on horseback to collect Murron from her house to run off and get married. The camera follows them as they ride to where they are going to be married. The camera action is fast to show that William is eager to be married to Murron and is a sign of how much he is in love with her. The camera shows them arriving at a field where a priest is ready to marry them. The lighting is dark; this is because their love is a secret. This is further portrayed by the fact the Murron has some wedding clothes with her in a bag which she changes into for the wedding ceremony. They exchange hankies. This symbolizes their love for one another and it is important at the end of the film. The colour white symbolizes purity showing that their love is pure. It can also symbolize peace emphasizing William as a man who represents peace rather than war. The camera angles has a close up of them looking at each other and then the camera zooms out there is a full picture of them in the middle of the countryside. It then zooms in for a close up of them kissing. Here the lighting is soft and slightly out of focus to emphasise the romantic scene.

This contrasts with William as the warrior. It shows William first as a lover and not a warrior so that he is not seen as all bad, he does have another gentle side. William is shown as a warrior in the scenes of battle with his face paint deliberately to make him appear fierce, unbeatable and very determined.

Camera angles are another technique used to provide information about the location in the film, the role of the characters and their reactions. It also draws attention and helps to create atmosphere. In the Battle of Stirling long shots are used to show where the battle is taking place, the landscape and the weather.

It is also used to show the position of the two armies, how many people are in each army and their distance from one another.

Close up shots are used to show the expressions and reactions of the characters. Determination and courage before the battle; perseverance and effort on their faces during the battle; exhaustion and triumph after the battle. Close up shots also show the consequences of the defeated - the wounded and dead bodies.

Low angle shots are used to create feelings of power. These are effective in the battle scene to show one man overpowering another. At the end of the battle a low angle shot is used to show William Wallace raising his sword in the air in victory and stabbing it into the ground. In contrast high angle shots do the opposite and show that a character is vulnerable. The camera angles changed quickly from one part of the battle to the other to keep the excitement flowing. The camera moved from high angled shots to low angled shots to keep the interests of the audience, the suspense and as to who would be the victorious side.

Throughout the film the different techniques effectively show the passion of William Wallace and his struggle to gain freedom for Scotland.

I enjoyed this film because it showed how passionate and loyal William was towards his country and people. He was even more passionate after he lost his father, brother and his wife. The film shows how the English and Scottish felt about each other. Although it's not all factual it is based on a true story of the life of William Wallace.

By Emma Clinch

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One of the most controversial political issues of today is that of illegal immigrants from Mexico. Illegal immigration into the United States is a problem that should be stopped, as it is unfair to both Americans and to the people of the country from which they illegally immigrated. It is thought that the majority of illegal aliens residing in the U.S. are Mexicans (Anderson 55). Roy Beck clarifies the situation by stating, The national consensus is that the United States should be a post-mass immigration country has included most leaders of business, religion, labor, academia, and social work. Illegal immigration from Mexico must be stopped by means of different policies and other methods of prevention, because the effects on both Mexico and the United States are predominately unfavorable.

There are multiple policies and means of preventing illegal immigrants from entering the United States. Immigration laws are the catalysts of illegal immigration prevention. Proposition 187 is a tough immigration law clamping down on illegal aliens, used in California, the state with the most illegal immigrants. It doubled the number of boarder guards, made it harder for legal immigrants to bring their families over, not permitting as much political asylum and was harder on illegal aliens already here (DiConsiglio ). NAFTA, officially, hasn't reduced as much illegal immigration as had been hoped, but, it helped Mexico recover faster from it's economic crisis in ?4-?5, which has stopped a larger flood of people, since most immigrants tend to come to the U.S. in times of Mexican economic depression (Mexico ). The major reason Mexicans tend to illegally immigrate is to find jobs. Therefore, elimination of the chance of them getting a job would be a deterrent. A bill shown to the House, by California would let the employer enter a job applicant's social security number over the phone to receive confirmation, of a person's official citizenship (DeMott 1). That would work in conjunction with the need for proper documentation to be shown to employer for current verification of legal citizenship, limiting their job opportunities and thus discouraging them from ever illegally immigrating. The Border Patrol is the most effective and widely used form of prevention. It is an agency of Immigration and Naturalization, that is charged with detecting and preventing illegal passage to the U.S. between Mexico and America (Anderson 5). U.S. vigilance on the line causes more delays, higher risks and raised costs for the jumpers. More guards are forcing potential illegal aliens to lose money, by causing them to hire coyotes to smuggle them, losing possible wages, and paying for food and lodging (McDonnell 1-). Jorge Compos, a year old who has been caught trying to immigrate illegally multiple times, exclaimed that, There's migra (migration officers) on horses, on motorbikes, on foot, in Broncos. They're everywhere.

Illegal immigration impacts Mexico in many negative ways, by debasing it's economy and leaving Mexico without much needed technically skilled professionals. Illegal immigrants cost Mexico heavily in terms of human capital. This decreases the amount of the work force, keeping some Mexican communities in poverty. Overall, illegal immigration usually leads to family discourse and larger social problems in Mexico (Illegal 1). Mexico's successful professionals tend not to stay in Mexico; doctors and multiple others are leaving the country to take lower paying jobs in the U.S. (McDonnell 4). Julio Cesar, a Mexican citizen comments on this situation saying, I think Mexico needs people to stay and build up this country.

The United States takes on most of the shortfalls, that illegal immigration causes; having to deal with the abuse of social services by non-citizens, the taking of citizens?jobs and the lowering of their wages and sinking of the common lifestyles, overall threatening the quality of life in certain communities. The majority of Americans, since the 150, have been predominantly a working middle class, who have been used to an accustomed lifestyle (Beck 77). With all the illegal immigrants, there are surplus workers which means less jobs and more competition with workers for the lower pay brought about by the extra workmen. Thus, the jobs that helps produce the middle class lifestyles are taken and the middle class decreases. The lowering of wages has brought deteriorating lifestyles along as the size of middle class decreases. People simply do not have as much money to help sustain their lifestyle and they sometimes have to get additional jobs (Beck 76). This leads people to have less of a family life, which causes all sorts of trouble. Illegal aliens are using welfare, education and other state and federal social services, whose costs are increasing taxes for everyone (DeMott 8). Illegal immigrants do not pay taxes, so they not justified in using social services, such as welfare, health care, and other services. It is more likely for immigrants to use social services provided by the government than nonimmigrants (DiConsiglio 5). A Where I Stand Poll in 14 said 4% of the U.S. believes all illegal immigrants shouldn't receive welfare and government services and 7% said their children shouldn't attend public schools (DeMott 0). Illegal immigration tends to bring down the standard of living in areas where illegal aliens are concentrated. Cities with higher levels of illegal immigrants tend to show a dramatic difference in social percentages than lesser-immigrated cities. The higher illegally immigrated cites on average have 0% longer commuting time, 40% more people living in poverty, 60% more high school dropouts, twice as many violent crimes, twice as many unemployed, more than twice the welfare dependency, and more than seven times as much crowded housing (Beck77). These statistics are astonishing and represent the essence of the impact of illegal immigration on America. The following statement by Lydia Anderson exemplifies the effects of illegal immigrants and the discourtesy they have for America

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Whether they take jobs or burden our social services, however, the continued influx of illegal immigrants promotes disrespect for the law and seriously limits our ability to control out immigration policy.

Illegal immigration from Mexico is a problem and must be stopped using different means of prevention we can avoid any negative repercussions on Mexico and the U.S. It is an economic drain on the U.S. and it is degrading the condition of American society as a whole. Frank Sharry, of the liberal National Immigration Forum has said, There is virtually a national consensus that illegal immigration is a problem. With this in mind, in a few years, there will be new policies implemented that will virtually wipe out illegal immigration, mainly focused on preventing illegal aliens from acquiring jobs.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Floetry. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Floetry paper right on time.

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What is art? It can be so many things, from a song, to a dance. The painting hanging in a museum, or your baby's first smile caught on film. It can be a piece sculpted by Neil Barker, or it can be the first pottery project done at preschool and cherished always. From the cologne a perfumer makes to the pastries a chef bakes, they are all forms of art. To me "POETRY" embodies all that art should be. It is the essence of words that flow forth freely to land on paper or linger on lips. Poetry is able to capture life at its best and worst. Words are able to paint a picture as vivid as any photograph and as haunting as any world renowned painting.

Just as the ocean, poetry has ebb and flow that is as constant as it is volatile. The flow of poetry is soothing and relaxing, quite reminiscent of the sound of the ocean with its supposed healing qualities. In its most basic forms poetry is able to inspire emotion to a degree that will overwhelm a person. The mere whisper of a word leaves you breathless with anticipation for the next syllable. It calls forth forgotten emotions, from the tears of pain to the tears and sobs accompanied by heartbreaking joy. It is artistic in the way that words are able to paint pictures in such vivid color across your hazy perceptions. The fiery red of anger comes through just as clearly in words as it does in an oil based brushstroke on canvas. The calming blue of acceptance is as clear as the sapphire necklace given to you as a Christmas gift. The vibrant green of rolling hills is as lush as the garden you tend on your weekends. As line is the building block of visual design, it is also the base of poetry. As you create lines of words to express a feeling or event it begins to bring life to your work. You try to put as much of yourself in to the piece as you can so that the person who is reading the piece is able to understand the emotion and the mind set behind it.

Painting pictures with words is not impossible. The pen becomes your paint brush and the paper your canvas. As you visualize to scene before you, the adjectives and nouns used to describe your vision become your palette of colors. Taking my pen I briefly sketch the outline of the scene I wish to create. I set the background and I begin to paint the sky with words such as, the blue of the palest aquamarines blazes across the sky, sporadically veiled by haze of the finest white clouds. I used my pen to delicately blend adjectives to paint to sky with just the vibrancy that I see and feel. A sparrows plaintive song echoes through the stillness and whispers to your senses of Spring. The pen goes again to the palette to blend more words and adjectives to find the perfect color as it strokes across your paper creating the vision of every word that you write, painting it so clearly that anyone would be able to see the intent, the context.

The emotion behind the creation of most poetry also determines the colors and the clarity of the vision their words create for others. The blackness of despair and death are easily recognizable in most works. Poetry is the one art form that I am most able to connect with. My earliest childhood memories are of the poetry my mother would read to me at night before bedtime. It would always draw me in to another world of my own making where from the words she read I was able to design my own pictures. I interpreted the words the way that they felt to me and came up with my own drawings, and depending on my mother's mood and the tone of her voice the picture occasionally changed. I developed the habit of writing down my feelings about situations that occurred around me. I was able to release my frustrations and get past whatever was bothering me by putting pen to paper. Not only did it relax me but my words seemed to have an effect on others when read. I was very shy and conscientious about the things that I had written, until I discovered that it truly touched the people who read it. Thus poetry became my outlet and my life line.

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I began to read any poetry book that I could get my hands on. From the humorous Shel Silverstein to the inspiring Langston Hughes, all was absorbed as if it were gospel. The words I read moved me to tears, and drove me to anger and despair on behalf of the writer. The simple grace and elegance that is able to be expressed by the simple phrasing of a sentence is to be applauded. It can lift you to the heavens or bring you to your knees by the simple stroke of pen to paper. The form is sometimes quite topsy-turvy. It seems on occasion that there is no method to the madness and that there is no rhyme or reason, but this is just one persons opinion and another person can quite easily see the passion and the effort. A person is able to lay their soul bare before others and hope that they see all that there is. I will attempt to entertain you with on of my better efforts at poetry written about six years ago. The following was dedicated to the person I felt embodied all that I had ever longed for and desired, so please bare with me and I will attempt to impress you with my limited abilities.

SHE

"Who is she?" they ask.

She is my soul's perfect mate, my body's passionate love, and

my mind's sole companion.

"What is she?" they ask.

She is the rhythm of my soul, the song of my spirit, and the

love of my life.

"Where is she?" they ask..

She is in my every breath, beating in my heart, and in the

thread that stitches my soul together.

"When is she?" they ask

She is today, at dawn, tonight, when the stars come out, and

tomorrow… forever.

"Why is she?" they ask.

She is my completion, my love's twin, and my spirit's sweet

compliment.

"Who is she?" they ask.

She is you, my Beloved… she is you.

This poem was the outpouring of love that I had for an individual. I bared my heart and soul for all to see, and I opened my self up for the criticisms that I would have to endure. It is very despairing to feel as if no one is able to understand your art, or appreciate the toil and turmoil that you had to put forth to create such a labor of love. Poetry for me is very personal, but I have come to realize that it is also able to sooth others who feel as if they are the only one who has ever felt a certain way. They are able to read a poem and recognize that someone else was able to put into words the feelings that are consuming them. Are you able to see what I painted? It is very mystical and moving, with muted colors and blurred edges. One color flows and blends with another to form perfect symmetry. Do you see the lines and curves of my words and thoughts? They have created a world beyond reproach, where all is as it should be. Do you feel the depth of my emotions? As my heart beats erratically and my breath quickens with the mere thought of her. Are you able to distinguish the flow of my poetry? This is why I call it FLOETRY. I've taken my paintbrush, my canvas, and my palette of words and with sure and swift strokes I have painted all that I hold dear. Can you see it?

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Velazquez vs. Rubens. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Velazquez vs. Rubens paper right on time.

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Two painters that both worked under Spanish rule, Diego Velazquez and Peter Paul Rubens were considered two of the greatest painters in Europe. Diego Velazquez, being a more visual, rather then spiritual preferred, to paint portraits as well as genre scenes. His style one may consider calm, and easy on the eyes. Peter Paul Rubens on the other hand, painted highly sacred pieces capturing dynamic poses full of drama. Perhaps their preferences of subject matter were affected by where they mainly worked. Peter Paul Rubens came from Flanders. Found in the southern Netherlands, it was a highly Catholic area. So of course, his work was often depicted sacred subjects. Velazquez on the other hand was the court painter for King Philip IV of Spain. This being the case, he had I'd imagine, more commissions to do personal portraits. As I said earlier, the over all mood of their paintings were complete and total opposites as well. Diego Velazquez' paintings are soothing on the eyes, leading it slowly around, observing each skillful stroke, every realistically proportioned character. He worked hard to match texture's apperence. "Las Meninas" itself is a massive painting that is a combination of genre scene, group portrait, and self portrait. Peter Paul Rubens' painting, "Allegory of the Outbreak of War" on the other hand, portrayed muscular figures that were influenced by Michelangelo. He dynamic composition, bold color, and brilliant light kept ones eye constantly on the move. It is highly debated whether or not "Las Meninas" is Velazquez' personal manifesto. He seemed to have portrayed himself possibly on equal ground with the royal family to indirectly hint that he deserved more. "Allegory of the Outbreak of War" was quite a different type of Manifesto. It was a manifesto of Peter Paul Rubens' personal feelings on war rather then portraying himself. These two men are both great painters, one for painting perhaps one if not the best painting in western art and the other know for setting the standards for European art, have some similarities but also differ greatly in terms of mood, use of colors, and dynamics.

"Las Meninas" was painted by Diego Velazquez in the year 1656. It is oil on canvass and measures at 105 by 1. Velazquez seemed to be the kind of painter that could find the silver lining in everyone. "Las Meninas" is a portrait of the princess Margarita, daughter of King Phillip IV of Spain along with her maids ladies-in-waiting. It was painted during the Spanish baroque. As I mentioned earlier, this painting is a combination of genre scene, group portrait and self portrait. It is considered by some to be the greatest painting in western art. It is now found in the Prado in Madrid

Peter Paul Rubens painted "Allegory of the Outbreak of War" in 168 during the Flemish baroque. It's is about 6 by 11 4. He was considered the greatest of the Flemish baroque painters. Ruben's muscular figures were based off of Michelangelo's style while his devotion to minute detail was of northern influence. As a man, Peter Paul Rubens well educated, wealthy and well liked. This painting however was his most powerful and personal work. Having seem so much war, he used his works to present his feeling on war. It portrays Mars moving forward to bring chaos to the world as Venus tries in vein to stop him. This piece currently hangs in the Pitti Gallery, Florence

"Las Meninas" is a beautifully painted work. Not only is it considered Velazquez' greatest painting, it is considered one of the greatest in history. That's a very impressive statement. Perhaps what makes it so impressive is the artist's drive for optical realism. The forms are suggested through loosely applied paint. Also what makes this painting interesting is that nothing is emphasized, and nothing forced. Our eyes take a calm stroll through the painting, wandering from character to character in an arc like path from Velazquez, dipping down to the lowest point being the princess, and completing the arc, the eye travels back up with the girl to the right of the princess. As I said, it's a combination of genre scene, group portrait, and self portrait. And the figures are captured in a baroque moment. This painting also makes use of tenebrism and impasto. "Allegory of the Outbreak of War", however is an intense look on the brutalities of war. It uses intense color and dynamic figures to emphisize the panic of the situation. The figures and placed in figura serpentinata. As with most of Peter Paul Rubens paintings, there is a high contrast of dark and light. Another note-able characteristic is the intense use of primary colors. For example, the blue sky and intense red of Mar's cape. Both of these wonderful paintings successfully portray the characters depicted in their own world; breathing their own air. The figures are all realistically interacting with each other and of course, captured in a baroque moment.

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Both of these paintings are personal manifesto for their creators personal feelings. But that is where the similarity ends. Velazquez painted "Las Meninas" to indirectly suggest to the royal family that he believed that he deserved greater recognition and standing in the court. He does so by several rather subtle means. First of all, the portrait he created of himself. Instead of wearing an artists smock, he is wearing his royal court garbs with a knights cross over his chest. Another theorized idea is that to the right of the painter is a mirror as opposed to a painting that some may believe. In the reflection of the mirror stands the king and queen, thus Velazquez is putting himself on equal grounds with the royal family. A very bold statement. Ruben's manifesto on the other hand is of a less self promoting nature. It is more like a protest to the constant wars taking place at the time. The painting depicts Mars having left the temple of Janus open. Which should be closed in times of peace. His love, Venus tries to stop him along with her small love gods using caresses but to no avail. The Fury Alecto pulls Mars forward, to bring chaos to the world. There is a woman with broken lute signifying that harmony is impossible beside the discord of war, a mother holding her child showing that war opposes furtility and tenderness. There are many other less import forms of symbolism present but one last main figure is the sorrowful woman behind Mars and Venus, wearing all black, a torn veil, and deprived of her jewel represents unhappy Europe. Who has long suffered as a result of war.

Both of these paintings are great examples of how artists can work their personal feelings otherwise known as manifesto into their paintings. One may consider them complete opposites when it come to the overall feeling mood of their works. They are considered equally great because Velazquez may have created one of the greatest paintings in all of western art but Rubens is credited with creating the first real European style.

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If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on legal studies - equality for women. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality legal studies - equality for women paper right on time.

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{D} EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN ACHIEVING

EQUALITY FOR WOMEN IN SOCIETY.

As I have already stated, women have come a long way in the fight for equality. With

numerous legislation, only some of which I have mentioned above, the legal system

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of today has been effective in striving to achieve equality for women.

Although women and men are still not posed as wholly equal, the role of women over

time has most definitely changed.

Consider this statement

"The role of women in society has not changed, particularly in the domain of the

family. Women are still unequal, under the thumb of men, with the sole burden of

child rearing and housekeeping. The legal system has failed to make substantial

changes in correcting these inequalities."

I wholeheartedly disagree.

The role of women in society has indeed changed drastically. Women have gone

from being considered as stupid, housebound, child rearing objects for their relevant

man to own, to in some instances holding high positions in a traditionally male

dominated work environment and having the choice to marry and/or have children.

With the advancement of trade unions and lobby groups, anti-discrimination acts,

affirmative action in the workplace and equal access to education to say the least,

the legal system has obviously addressed the problem of inequality between sexes.

Women have come from having very little rights at all, to having the same access to

morality as men. Some men would argue that women are not under the thumb of

men, in fact in some relationships the situation is on the contrary, and the woman is

the dominant force.

The above statement declares that a woman still carries the sole burden of

child-rearing and housekeeping. In most modern homes, the workload is usually

shared between husband and wife when the matter of housework arises. With the

occurrence of maternity and paternity leave granted by most workplaces in our

society, the so-called 'burden' of child-rearing is shared between parents, and in

some cases the woman has the higher paid job, so the man stays home to care for

the child/ren.

Inequalities between men and women are evident in many areas of every day life.

The workplace is one of the most prominent areas for inequalities and

discrimination to appear, as is the issue of pay.

All teachers in NSW in 15 were granted equal pay, which was a significant

achievement especially for women. It was not until 17 that equal pay for work of

equal value was granted by the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration

Commission.

In 18 women's full-time earnings as a proportion of men's were 84%, which is an

enormous increase when compared with the fixed female wage of 54% of the male

wage in around 107.

In the past 0 years, real wages for women have risen by 17% compared to 8% for

men.

There has been significant changes in the workforce with regards to equal

opportunity and anti-discrimination. In a three year period, from 15 to 18 the

percentage of Australian organisations with formal procedures to deal with sexual

harassment has risen by %, from 70% to %. It is not a colossal increase but if

the amount of time is considered in proportion to the years women have been

oppressed without action, the figures are very pleasing.

The case of Stoker v Kellogg Pty Ltd (184) is notable in relation to discrimination

in the workplace. A female employee and two male employees were retrenched by

Kellogg. When calculating how much severance pay the three employees should

receive Kellogg determined that the standard age of pensionable retirement was 65

years for males and 60 for females. The female employee claimed that if the

standard pensionable retirement age was used to calculate severance pay, she

would be treated unfairly as the age for females differed from males. The female

employee took her case to the Equal Opportunity Commission who decided that she

had been treated less favourably than her male co-workers because there was no

compulsory retirement age and there was evidence to say that the female employee

would have worked beyond the retirement age.

This case is relevant as it tells of the injustice is the workplace towards women, and

the legal systems way of righting it, this being the Equal Opportunity Commission.

This case study further argues my point that the legal system has succeeded in

making changes to correct inequalities.

The very last sentence of the statement in question reads as "The legal system has

failed to make substantial changes in correcting ... inequalities."

It could be agreed that this is the strongest accusation in the passage, as it is bluntly

declaring, with no sense of doubt, that no changes have been made to the legal

system throughout history on behalf of women.

As I have said before, I do not support this statement.

In NSW alone there is a legal service just for women - the Women's Legal Resource

Centre based in Sydney. This service provides help, legal advice and referrals for

women who seek assistance. Its outstanding service is a telephone hotline, which

enable women from all over Australia to access legal advice, such as rural women,

isolated women and women in difficult situations. This service also helps migrant

women by providing advice in several languages.

Along with the above service there is also a Domestic Violence Advocacy Service

(DVAS) based in NSW. This is the only community legal centre in Australia that

provides representation as well as legal advice for women in a threatening

environment.

There have been many changes to the status of women over time and most have

been induced by the legal system itself. One of the functions of law is to reflect the

values and ethics of society. Laws concerning women have changed according to

different cultural values concerning women.

The biggest problem that our society has today is dealing with the common

stereotype of women that has been passed down through the ages, that is

that a female is subservient to a male. Over time, society has thrown off the

shackles of that stereotype and is gradually accepting that man and woman are

equal beings. We can clearly see that the legal system is addressing the issue put

forward by the statement, and will continue to correct inequalities between men and

women until the desired utopia is reached.

Colonial Eve, Sources on Women in Australia 1788 - 114.

Edited by Ruth Teale.

Oxford University Press 178

Uphill all the way A Documentary History Of Women in Australia.

Kay Daniels and Mary Murnane.

University of Queensland Press 180

Excel Preliminary Legal Studies

Belinda Brassil & Dimity Brassil

Pascal Press 000

Heinemann Legal Studies Preliminary Course

Michael Brogan, Veronica Siow, Therese Ejsak, Wayne Gleeson 000

Women's Rights

Patrick Rooke

Wayland (Publishers) Ltd. 17

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Class

A class is a general specification of a set of objects that defines their common structure (data), behaviour (methods) and relationships. For example

Object

An object is an abstraction or simulation of physical things such as people and machines or intangible things such as events or processes that captures their characteristics and behaviour. An object has state, behaviour and identity e.g.

Persistence

Persistence allows the state of the object to be saved to non-volatile storage such as a file or database and later restored even though the original creator of the object no longer exists. An example would be

Encapsulation

This is a modelling and implementation technique, known as information hiding, which separates the external aspects of an object from the internal implementation details of the object e.g.

Inheritance

Inheritance is a relationship between classes where one class is a parent of another. It implements "is a" relationships between objects. Inheritance takes advantage of the commonality amongst objects to reduce complexity. One class inherits part or all of the public description of another base class and instances inherit all the properties and methods of the classes which they contain e.g.

Polymorphism

A concept in type theory according to which a name (such as a variable declaration) may denote objects of many different classes that are related by some common super-class. Thus any object denoted by this name is able to respond to some common set of operations in different ways. For example

Object Oriented Life Cycle

The OO Life Cycle of a software development project can have several incremental steps. Each of these increments consists of Iteration Cycles whereby specific phases of development are carried out. Each cycle consists of an Analysis, Design, Implementation and Testing phase where certain deliverables are produced. The iterations are repetitive by nature as the project evolves over time.

Analysis

The analyst looks at the existing real world scenario for which a computer based solution may be appropriate. This stage consists of parts.

1) Domain Modelling or Elaboration

Use Case diagrams are produced to indicate the main actors and functions of the system and determine the scope of the eventual system, both what can in included and what should be excluded.

A Conceptual Model used be developed with highlights the main classes and their attributes.

A Behaviour Model consisting of a state diagram showing how the events of the system affect the objects.

Domain Analysis

Domain analysis is concerned with devising a precise, understandable, and correct model of the real world. Object oriented analysis provides the designer with an understanding of the problem in preparation for design.

• Object discovery

• Identifying relationships

• Defining operations

• Identifying attributes

• Re-using abstractions with inheritance

• Applying patterns to recurring problems

) Software Specification

System requirements are extended to include further detail of the intended software solution to the business problem/requirements.

Use Case in further detail including exception conditions and common behaviour.

Analysis Model.

Behaviour Model or sequence diagram.

Deliverables

• High level Use Case model

• Project plan

• Expanded Use Case model

• System scenario diagrams

• Event list

• Software requirements specification

Design

During system design, the architecture of the system is chosen. The architecture establishes common tactical policies that must be used by different elements of the system. Using the analysis model and expanding it to cater for the operations required by the system.

Model the behaviour through collaboration diagrams and work out which classes are responsible for which operations. Use Case models are used to design storyboards for the User Interface of the system.

System Design

During system design, the architecture of the system is chosen. The architecture establishes common tactical policies that must be used by different elements of the system.

• Organizing the system into subsystems

• Identifying concurrency

• Allocating subsystems to processors and processes

• Selecting data store implementation strategies

• Selecting control strategies

• Establishing trade-off priorities

• Applying patterns to common design problems

• Collect classes into packages and subsystems

• Refine class package structure to reduce coupling and enhance re-usability

Object Design

Object design determines the full definition of the classes and associations used in the implementation as well as the interfaces and algorithms of the methods used to implement the operations.

• Design algorithms to implement operations

• Optimise access paths to data

• Implement software control by refining strategies selected during system design

• Adjust class structure to increase inheritance

• Design implementation of associations

• Determine the exact representation of object attributes

Implementation/Testing

The software is physically written by the programmer using the pre-selected programming language. The programs will have integral documentation and as the system is being developed test and user documentation will also be produced. Once tests are passed by the system it is installed on the clients site. Classes are tested independently for ease. Inheritance allows for less duplication of testing. System can then be phased in for full production.

Maintenance

System is handed over to the customer and will be altered/amended over time due to new user/client requirements. Due to OO and a modular approach the system will be easily maintained. Existing documentation (class diagrams) will make it simple to identify any subsequent changes to attributes and the whole OO life cycle can be used again to incrementally and iteratively implement new enhancements to the system.

Advantages of Traditional Life Cycle

Tasks in phases can be assigned to specialised teams.

Project progress evaluated at the end of each phase.

Manage projects with high levels of risks.

Clearly defined deliverables at each stage.

Project Managers can clearly see and understand the progress

Of such a linear approach.

Disadvantages of Traditional Life Cycle

Real life does rarely follows such a simplistic sequential life cycle.

Iterations are inevitable.

Time passes between the system analysis/design and implementation stages.

The life cycle does not respond well to business changes during the project.

Advantages of Object Oriented Approach

Reusability of components saves time and money.

Encourages modularity.

System maintenance is easier since objects are independent.

Disadvantages of Object Oriented Approach

Harder to project manage as the approach can seem never ending.

Difficulties inherent with persistent objects.

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When a teenager turns sixteen, a driver's license is the only thought on their mind. A driver's license gives a teen a sense of freedom and a sense of independence. To receive a driver's license, a teen must pass a series of tests including a written test, and a behind the wheel test. Along with these tests, in the state of West Virginia, the teen must also be a student in high school. A 18 law passed in West Virginia states that high school dropouts younger than the age of 18 are ineligible for driver's license from the state of West Virginia. I disagree with this law because it aids in the prevention of these high school dropouts from becoming a productive member of society and getting a job, it assist in the relief of the over crowding of schools and if a teen qualifies for the drivers license.

Most job applications require a reliable source of transportation. This included public and personal transportation. But sometimes the buses are late, or they don't run on certain days and it leaves a teen without a driver's license with any way to get to work. When a parent works full time and a teen needs a ride to work, it is hard for a parent to try and accommodate that teenager. With high school drop outs having so much free time on their hands, a driver's license is a necessity for transportation. Current Issues and Enduring Questions by Sylvan Barnet and Hugo Bedau states, "To prevent a person of sixteen from having a driver's license prevents a person from holding certain kinds of jobs and it's unfair," (p.7) I agree with this statement because it prevents a teen from holding a job in a different city or county. Most adults would state that when a teen is not in school, they are up to "no good" and will join a gang or get into trouble. But not in all cases is that true. With teens not in school, and most parents threatening not to support them anymore, a job becomes more and more appeasing and therefore is required for the enjoyments of life. It is unfair to the teen and also the responsible guardians of this individual, and thus the law should not be enforced and rescinded from state legislature.

I agree with Barnet and Bedau when they said, "What is needed is not legal pressure to keep teenagers in school, but schools that hold the interest of teenagers," (p, 7). Students, who do not want to be in school, don't have to be. I understand that it is required to remain in school until the age of sixteen, but after the age of sixteen, they are free to make their own decisions. Barnet and Bedau faced that issue when they state, "A sixteen year old usually is not mature enough to make a decision of this importance," (p.7). If a student isn't mature enough to make the decision to drop out of school, how are the going to make the mature decisions when driving. States give teenager's driver's license at the age of sixteen because they believe that teens are old enough to make mature decisions. With the students who don't want to be in school, it leaves more comfortable class rooms where teachers can concentrate on the students who want to learn and be successful in school. "A law of this sort deceives adults into thinking that they have really done something constructive for teenage education, but it may work against improving the schools. If we are really serious about education youngsters, we have to examine the curriculum and the quality of our teachers," (p.7) states Barnet and Bedau. As a teenager that just graduated high school, I had thoughts about dropping out of school, not because of the surroundings or the bad experiences, but because of the public school system. It is so horrible now due to the over crowding of schools and not enough teachers for comfortable classroom environments that it made high school a challenge to those who needed the one on one interaction with the teacher. With the teenagers who don't want to be at school, it gives those students a chance to get ahead in school.

A driver's license is a privilege, not a right. As previously stated, there are certain tests that a teen must pass to receive their driver's license. The first step is a provisional permit which requires the passing of a written test. After passing that test, another six months of behind the wheel driving with a guardian over the age of 5, is required. After that long period of time, when it is time to receive your official state driver's license, a behind the wheel test is required, and when passed, you're a new driver. After becoming a new driver, there are certain restrictions on your license including not driving with passengers under the age of 5 for the first six months that you have your license. You also cannot drive between the hours of 1 midnight and 5 a.m. for the first year that you have your license. After you have passed all these restrictions and tests, you are a qualified driver and therefore are eligible to drive. I believe that after passing all of those requirements, a teen has earned the right and privilege to drive, and therefore should be allowed to, regardless if they are currently enrolled in a high school. Barnet and Bedau addressed this issue by stating, "We earn a driver's license by demonstrating certain skills. The state has no right to take away such a license unless we have demonstrated that we are unsafe drivers," (p.7). I agree with this statement. If a student decides to drop out of school, it does not automatically qualify them as an unsafe driver, and therefore are ineligible for a driver's license. With a new driver, comes the inexperience of being on the road. With a dropout on the road so many hours of the day, the experience becomes greater and greater, therefore, making the dropout a little bit safer than the student who drives less than 10 hours a week. Adults complain that students are reckless drivers and have no sense of personal property, but when a teenager owns their own car and drive it on a regular basis, have more of a sense of personal property and what happens to it when you loose it or wreck it.

With the students who don't want to be in school, it provides for a better economy with students filling jobs, it provides for more comfortable learning environment for those students who want to remain in school and also it gives the student a sense of responsibility, having to provide for themselves and the maintenance of their personal property. These facts just prove that the 18 West Virginia law is unlawful and should be rescinded and repealed. This law does nothing for the state except bully the students into remaining in school against the will. Students who do not want to remain in school should be given the right to drop out and start a new future. School is not for every student, much less every sixteen year old who only stays in school just because they enjoy that freedom that a driver's license gives them. If a teen qualifies for a driver's license by passing all of the required tests and restrictions then they should have the privilege of driving.

Please note that this sample paper on Dropouts ineligible for driver's license is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Dropouts ineligible for driver's license, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Dropouts ineligible for driver's license will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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