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Crutcher Chris Running Loose New York Bentam pub, 18 pg. 1-86

Summary

In this fiction book Running Loose by Chris Crutcher this kid

named Louie Banks is in his hometown of Trout. Crutcher's book is

the young adult type of book. Louie Banks, who is the main character,

is on the football team, it is his senior year of high school, and he has a

girlfriend named Becky.

Louie had this freind, Carter, he practices with Louie during the

offseason and is always there for Louie. Carter is the starting

quarterback and is a good football player and for that matter good at all

sports. Louie likes becky a lot, they go to the drive in, go out to eat and

go to dances.

The football team is doing great. There record for the season

is eight wins and zero loses. There is one last game against Salmon

Rivers and that would detmine if they go to the championship game or

not this year. Salmon Rivers is supposed to be really good, they beat

a team 6 to 6.

The coach wants this game more than anything and so did all

the players, but the coach goes to the next level and wants to play dirty

to win the game. Lednecky, the coach, wants to hurt their all star

quarterback which happens to be black, that is making there team so

good. He tells the team to take any cheap shot or any shot you got on

this number eighteen, the good black quarterback, and get him hurt.

Louie doesn't agree with Lednecky. Louie talked it over with

his family and decides to wait few days to see if the subject went down.

Boomer, which has always hated Louie and Louie never really liked

him. Boomer is a little racist and agrees with the coach. Then Boomer

and Louie get into a little fight and Louie gets a few teeth punched out.

Well, gameday comes up and the subject of hurting the good

quarterback ,Washington, went down so Louie was still on the team.

There having their pre-game talk and the subject of playing dirty came

up again. Lednecky really wants to hurt this kid, he thinks that is there

only chance at winning against Salmon River.

The game started and Washington ran it back for a touchdown

on the first play. Lednecky was raving. The game progessed and

Salmon River had the ball and Washington was rolling out to the right

side of the field, Boomer is going after him. Washington threw the ball

before he goes out of bounds but Boomer acted like he didn't see him

throw the ball or go out of bounds and Boomer put his helmet on his

chest and drives him back into the bench. The refs did not call

anything. Washington has to be takin away on a stecher. Louie is

furious with the cheap shot and told the ref to call a penatly on his

team. Louie then walks off the field, quiting the team.

Louie then goes out to the country in his truck to think. Some

how Boomer finds him out there and wants to fight him and tries

reaching in Louie window and Louie rolled his window up and getting

Boomer's arm stuck. Then Louie begins to drive away with Boomer

running to the side of the truck. Louie then rolls the window down a

little and pushes as hard as he can against the door to throw Boomer

in the ditch.

Reaction

In Running Loose Chris Crutchor uses a variety of literary

techniques. I think, the author, has put this story in a good setting. The

setting is in a little town out in the country with not very many

neighboring towns and its football season so it must be in the fall.

Theres also a really good dilemma that Louie must decide about. He

has to decide if he wants to stay on the football team and do what the

coach says or quit the team and look like a jerk. This book is also

really good at showing Imagery. For example, "Friday dawned cool

and clear. The smoke from the stack down at the sawmill runs straight

up in a long white cloud. The trees are turning yellow and red, and the

temperature will get up to sixty or so by game time" (55). Another

example is, "We play eight-man football in Trout , mostly because in

any given year at least two teams in the league couldn't field an

eleven-man team without using their cheerleaders"(10).

I think Louie Banks is a smart guy, he knows when things are

wrong and when to stand up for his beleifs. I think that Carter is a

good athlete, he doesn't play dirty and is a good freind. I think that

Boomer is a good athlete but he has to play dirty and thinks too highly

of himself.

My favorite part of this story so far is when Louie traps

Boomers arm in his window and takes off then opens the door really

fast to throw him in the ditch. I likes that part because he stood up for

himself. My least favorite part of the story was when the book started

and was telling me about the town and Louie's girlfreind. I didn't like

that part because it seemed boring to me.

I connected to this story with this movie I saw once. It was

about a football team that would do anything to win the game. It was

called The Final Play, it was a good movie. I remember a part when

the coach told the team that it didn't matter when the whistle blows.

I connected to this story to myself with how Louie stood up for

himself. I also stand up for myself when I have too. Louie knows what

is wrong and good. I also know what is wrong and good.

I connected this to society by our football team had to win this

game to go to the championship game. Our team didn't however play

dirty to win but they still have to beat Fort Scott to advance on to the

next level. Like Trout had to beat Salmon rivers to advance on.

I agree with the author on this book. He did a good job and

made a good point too. I think that the author did a good job with this

book and I incourage others to read this book. The author should of

made this book a little bit more about football but its still good.

The book was written in first person. I like stories in first person

because it makes it sound like you're in the action with the author. The

story of my book started out in present and then flashed back to the

past. I would have heard the book in the present all the way though but

it still sounded good and i thought it was effective.

Prediction

I think that Louie and Boomer will get in a fight by the end of the book

and Carter will come in and help Louie beat him up. I think that Becky will

break up with Louie and he will go crazy. I think this will happen because

Louie's life is falling apart and Becky is the only thing good going for him.

What surprised me in the first half of the book was that they played with eight

players on the field instead of eleven. I would like to see Louie beat up

Boomer on his own and Becky and Louie to stay together. I hope Boomer gets

something bad happen to him for his racists remarks, "Kill that jungle

bunny!"(4)

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Plato's theory of knowledge and form are expressed with three approaches his allegory of The Cave, his metaphor of the Divided Line and his doctrine The Forms. Each theory is interconnected; one could not be without the other.

In The Cave, Plato describes a vision of shackled prisoners seated in a dark cave facing the wall. Chained also by their necks, the prisoners can only look forward and see only shadows. These shadows are produced by men, with shapes of objects or men, walking in front of a fire behind the prisoners. Plato states that for the prisoners, reality is only the mere shadows thrown onto the wall. Another vision is releasing a prisoner from his chains, how his movements are difficult, his eye adjustment painful and suggestions of the effects of returning to the cave. The Cave suggests to us that Plato saw most of humanity living in "the cave", in the dark, and that the vision of knowledge and the "conversion" to that knowledge was salvation from darkness. He put it this way, "the conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the soul's eye, which already has it, but to insure that, insisted of looking in the wrong direction it is turned the way it ought to be." Plato's two worlds the dark, the cave, and the bright were his way of rejecting the Sophists, who found "true knowledge" impossible because of constant change. Plato believed there was a "true Idea of Justice". The Cave showed us this.

The Divided Line visualizes the levels of knowledge in a more systematic way. Plato states there are four stages of knowledge development Imagining, Belief, Thinking, and Perfect Intelligence. Imagining is at the lowest level of this developmental ladder. Imagining, here in Plato's world, is not taken at its conventional level but of appearances seen as "true reality". Plato considered shadows, art and poetry, especially rhetoric, deceptive illusions, what you see is not necessarily what you get. With poetry and rhetoric you may be able to read the words but you may not understand the "real" meaning. For example, take, again, the shadow. If you know a shadow is something "real" then you are beyond the state of imagination which implies that a person is "unaware of observation and amounts to illusion and ignorance".

Belief is the next stage of developing knowledge. Plato goes with the idea that seeing really is not always believing we have a strong conviction for what we see but not with absolute certainty. This stage is more advanced than imagining because it's based more firmly on reality. But just because we can actually see the object and not just it's shadow doesn't mean we know all there is to know about the object.

In the next stage, Thinking, we leave the "visible world" and move into the "intelligible world" which, Plato claims, is seen mostly in scientists. It stands for the power of the mind to take properties from a visible object and applying them. Thinking is the "visible" object but also the hypotheses, "A truth which is taken as self-evident but which depends upon some higher truth". Plato wants us to see all things as they really are so we can see that all is inter-connected. But thinking still doesn't give us all the information we crave and we still ask "why?"

For Plato the last stage of developing knowledge, Perfect Intelligence, represents "the mind as it completely releases from sensible objects" and is directly related to his doctrine of Forms. In this stage, hypotheses are no longer present because of its limitations. Plato summarized the Divided Line with "now you may take a corresponding to the four sections, these four states of mind, intelligence for the highest, and thinking for the second, belief for the third and for the last imagining. These you may arrange in terms as the terms in a proportion, assigning to each a degree of clearness and certainty corresponding to the measure in which their object pose a reality". When discussing the Divided Line, The Forms are the highest levels of "reality".

Plato concludes here that the "real world" is not what we see but what we understand or feel in an "intelligible world" because it is made up of eternal Forms. The Forms take on the explanation of existence. They are "changeless, eternal, and nonmaterial essences or patterns of which the actual visible objects we see are only poor copies". Plato uses a person discovering the quality of beauty to explain this, "he will abate his violent love of the one, which he will…deem a small thing and will become a lover of all beautiful forms; in the next stage he will consider that there beauty of the mind is more honorable that there beauty of outward form. Drawing towards and contemplating the vast see of beauty, he will create many fair and noble thoughts and notions in boundless love of wisdom; until on that shore he grows and waxes strong, and at last the vision is revealed to him of a single science, which is the science of beauty everywhere". There are many Forms but not everything has a Form, if this were so then there would be a parallel world. Forms are not something we can touch but something we hold in our minds, Plato described them as "real existence, colorless, formless, and intangible, visible only to the intelligence". (Forms do not exist; they just are but can't be touched.) Plato said, "the Forms are the cause of the essence of all other things, and the One is the cause of the Forms". Therefore they cannot simply exist. Plato said Forms are related to things in three ways cause, participation and imitation. But in relation to Forms and it-self Plato stated, "we can have discourse only through the weaving together of Forms".

Plato doesn't mean to say that all Forms are related to each other only that significant things use some Forms and that just knowing that includes understanding the relationship between Forms. Plato says there are three ways to discover Forms recollection, dialectic and desire. Recollection is when our souls remember the Forms from prior existence. Dialectic is when people discuss and explore the Forms together. And third is the desire for knowledge. Plato's Theory of Knowledge leads us down many roads but we see the same theme through out light to dark; ignorant to educated; reality to really real. In The Cave we move from the dark of the cave to the light of outdoors, we even see a glimpse of how knowledge can affect us. The Divine Line took us from the ignorance of Imagining to the educated Perfect Intelligence. The Forms showed us that even though we can see something does not mean we can see all of it and just because we cannot see something does not mean it does not exist. All three link knowledge as the key to all, if you have knowledge there is nothing you cannot have.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Livy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Livy paper right on time.

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Livy

Titus Livius was born in 5 B.C. in Patavium in Italy. Patavium is modernly referred to as Padua, and it is located near the Adriatic coast of northern Italy. In Livy's time, Patavium was well known for its strict adherence to old-fashioned Roman virtues. Not much is known about Livy's life, but scholars have assumed that he was probably greatly influenced by the civil wars in the 40's and 0's, as many people in his generation were. He had a family, which was the only distraction from his writing. His daughter married Lucius Magius, a seemingly talentless writer, and he also had two sons. Livy was thought to have associated with Augustus Caesar's literary circle, but some scholars think they might not have shared the same views. The later Roman historian Tacitus reports that Augustus called Livy a "Pompeian," which meant that he had Republican sympathies. He considered Brutus and Cassius, the conspirators against Julius Caesar, men of distinction. Livy also was acquainted with Claudius and encouraged him to write history. Despite his connections, he never mentioned a patron, like many other writers. Livy's education was only standard, its emphasis mostly on rhetoric, which is evident in his works. Livy seemed to be solely focused on writing, unlike many of the other writers of his time. He did not venture to the east to study at the universities in Athens or Rhodes, which accounts for his limited knowledge of geography and the political disorders of his life. He also never held office and never took part in the flourishing literary society of Rome.

Livy wrote mostly on philosophical topics and historical dialogues. His work was not partial to cites or countries, or even the people of his generation. He is solely focused on history, in an abstract way. He wanted to show how the Roman people came to be the way they are, and their moral values, instead of focusing on particular events. He did not talk to people to obtain his information for his writing, but spent hours in the library reading and studying history. His most famous work is Ab Urbe Condita, which translates from Latin as "from the founding of the city." Starting in 7 B.C., it took him forty years to write and consisted of one hundred and forty-two books, of which only thirty-five have survived. While writing his history, he borrowed freely from Virgil's Aeneid. Several minor Roman historians wrote summaries, called epitomes, of Livy's entire work and it is through these summaries that some idea of the content of the missing books is known. He published his history of Rome in installments, working on it for most of his life. Because Livy's history is so massive and has such literary character, scholars perceive it as Rome's prose epic and Livy as a poet in prose. Poetic scholars have found much that is admirable. Livy gives vivid scenarios centering on noble Romans, portraits of the traditional Republican values, lofty vocabulary, and an elevated rhetorical style. But poetic scholars also criticize Livy's history for being loosely organized. Historical scholars are more critical than the poetic scholars. They call him naïve and say that history has little to do with the public deeds and values of men. They also say that he has little skill in perceiving relationships between events and not having a personal viewpoint in his writing.

Livy's history begins with the mythological founding of Rome and concludes with the death of Drusus in B.C. The story is not completely factual, but Livy makes it interesting with his drama and characters. His history is written in annalistic form, which means that he wrote down all the events of one year before he proceeded to the next. The annals were about the deeds of the Roman people, at home or at war, arranged chronologically by consular year, beginning with each Ides of March. More specifically, the basic structure Livy uses begins with the consuls' entry into office and early activity in Rome; it goes on to their departure to their provinces and, at last, the return of one or both consuls to Rome, followed by the election of their successors. Books I to IV contain the foundation of Rome to its sack by the Gauls in 86 B.C. Books VI to X contain the Samnite Wars. Books XI to XIV contain the conquest of Italy. Books XVI to XXX contain both Punic Wars. Books XXXI to XLV go until the end of the war with Perseus in 167 B.C., while books XLVI to LXX go to the Social War in 1 B.C. Books LXXI to LXXX contain the civil wars up to Marius' death in 86 B.C., and books LXXXI to XC contain the civil wars up to Sulla's death in 78 B.C. Books XCI to CIII contain Pompey's triumph in 6 B.C. Books CIV to CVIII contain the last years of the republic, and CIX to CXVI contain the civil war up to Caesar's murder in 44 B.C. Books CXVII to CXXXIII go up to the Battle of Actium, while the final books contain the years to B.C., which is Livy's era.

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The first five books, covering the period before the burning of Rome in 0 B.C., forced Livy to declare his historical intentions right away. Some writers omitted this part of the history because the burning of the records made judgment difficult. Others wrote about this period because many of Rome's most famous and patriotic legends belonged to this period. Livy chose to write one book for the regal period, and four on the Republican period down to 0 B.C. He was aware that documenting this time in history would be very difficult, but including the material was a concession to patriotism. He also wrote on this period for historical reasons. Livy was able to discern the outline of the foreign wars, and he started with the events before the Gallic sack, since Rome's history would be incomplete without it. The first book covers several more years than all the book, covering 64 years as opposed to the 81 years spread out over 17 books. Much of Livy's information has since been proven wrong, but much emphasis was given to the important developments in Rome under the kings and the important social issues of the early republic. Book I tells about the seven kings and their contributions to the new city. They kept all the people under control, and Livy thinks they are responsible for the survival of Rome. In his history, he spoke about all the great things they accomplished, even the trivial things. For example, he wrote about the values that the kings instilled in the people, but he also mentioned the important bridges that were built. Livy gave great stress to all aspects of the beginning of Rome, and how these things affected Rome's empire and the rest of the world. Some scholars may not agree with Livy, but they respect his work. Livy's history will continue to capture different audiences, because it shows how the Roman people began and why they became so powerful.

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PERSON WHO INFLUENCED ME THE MOST

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On the first day of school, sophomore year, my history teacher presented me with the question of Who is your hero? I didn't have a hero, and until then I hadn't thought about the subject. Later in the year, my eyes caught a quotation from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on the bulletin board which stated somewhat to this effect, Do not merely be a thermometer that records the ideas and principles of popular opinion; but rather a thermostat that transforms the mores of society. Out of all the quotes that had been posted over the year, it was this one that caught my attention and captured my emotion. When I would read it, I felt as if something inside me had been sparked. Little did I know that this man whom I had come to know for the I have a dream speech and civil rights would come to be my hero.

After reading Pilgrimage to Nonviolence while studying the civil rights movement I became intrigued in the beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence seemed like such a radical concept to me, yet I found myself agreeing with every point that he made. The values and principle that nonviolence depended on, were those that I believed in most love, reconciliation, proaction, redemption, integrity, and faith. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. left a mark on me, and during that summer I bought a book of his speeches and essays. From there on, my knowledge and interest grew exponentially. Reading Martin Luther King was unlike reading any other author. What Dr. King wrote down on paper seemed to come from the encrypted thoughts of my own heart. He had a way of taking beliefs and assertions and molding them into a poetic flow of the English language. His words solidified an emotional drive that I had always felt inside. Through the reading of his works I feel that my personal character has been greatly strengthened. I found something that I have great conviction in, the value of the human spirit. Out of this conviction comes a passion, a passion that I have noticed, permeates all that is of great importance to me.

Moreover Martin Luther Kings contributions to our history places him in this inimitable position. In his short life, Martin Luther King was instrumental in helping us realize and rectify those unspeakable flaws which were tarnishing the name of America. The events which took place in and around his life were earth shattering, for they represented an America which was hostile and quite different from America as we see it today.

This past summer, I was lucky enough to visit Martin Luther King's gravesite, birthplace, and his former church, Ebenezer Baptist; along Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. I attended church in Ebenezer Baptist and watched the pastor deliver his sermon from the same pulpit that Reverend King had stood behind over thirty years ago. Martin Luther King Jr. was only a man, yet he affected the lives of millions of people. It was his own conviction that compelled him to act. While he sowed the seeds for civil rights, he did not look to reap the benefits. His selfless pursuit for justice gives attest to his moral character. Martin Luther King, Jr. catapulted to fame when he came to the assistance of Rosa Parks, the Montgomery, Alabama Black seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a segregated Montgomery bus to a White passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation and humiliation by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment and sometimes death were waiting for those who defied the System.

Moreover I being from India, a country which strongly follows the principles of non-violence layed by National Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi have a strong inclination towards these principles. Then I also came across the details of the visit which Dr. Martin Luther King made to India ( February, 15 - 10 March, 15) . I felt proud reading the words, which he said at the New Delhi airport "To other countries I may go as a tourist, but to India I come as a pilgrim. The simple words in which he explained the power of non-violence on meeting with mahatma Gandhi truly made me his follower "True nonviolent resistance is not unrealistic submission to evil power. It is rather a courageous confrontation of evil by the power of love, in the faith that it is better to be the recipient of violence than the inflicter of it, since the latter only multiplies the existence of violence and bitterness in the universe, while the former may develop a sense of shame in the opponent, and thereby bring about a transformation and change of heart.

We honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. because he showed us the way to mend those broken fences and to move on in building this land rather than destroying it. He led campaign after campaign in the streets of America and on to the governors mansion - even to the White House - in an effort to secure change. Today Black Americans have federal legislation which provides access and legal protection in the areas of public accommodations, housing, voting rights, schools, and transportation. These rights were not easily won, nor readily accepted, but the good will and conscience of an enormous spectrum of our society both Black and White said Move On.

I can only hope to grow as strong as Dr. King in personal conviction, as I strive and make progress. I have always felt better and more determined about my goals when I read "I have the audacity to believe that people everywhere can have three meals a day for their tired bodies, education and culture for their spirits. I believe that what self-centered men have torn down, men other-centered can build up. I still believe that one day mankind will bow before the alters of God and be crowned triumphant over war and bloodshed, and non-violent redemptive goodwill will proclaim the rule of the land and the lion and the lamb shall lie down together and every man shall sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. I still believe that we shall overcome.. No matter what turns my life will take, I will never forget the moment I stood at the reflecting pool, in front of his grave, with the words on his tomb, free at last, free at last, thank god almighty, I'm free at last burning into my heart. It is those words which never fail to send a shiver up my spine and goose bumps down my arms. It is my dream to live a life so full of integrity and rich in purpose that in my final breath, those words can carry the same emancipating spirit as they did when a humbled seventeen year old read them for the first time.

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If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Abigail Adams - Book Analysis. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Abigail Adams - Book Analysis paper right on time.

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Part One

Long characterized as the wife of the second president and the mother of the sixth, Natalie Bober, in Abigail Adams witness to a Revolution, describes Abigail Adams as an accomplished woman in her own right. In this well researched biography she presents an intimate portrait of a unique individual while also reflecting the course and times of the 18th century. Bober uses information derived from Abigail's more than two thousand personal letters as a vehicle to transport her readers to the uneasy era of our nation's beginning.

Bober demonstrates how Abigail mingled the important historical events of the 18th century with the normal, everyday activities of daily life. The way Abigail interspersed historically significant characters with family gossip gives an air of vibrancy and a sense of immediacy to dates, names, and events. The letters reveal Abigail's deep love for her the pulsating loneliness she experienced due to long periods of separation from her husband, John Adams, and her commitment to achieve more than the goals set for women of the era in which she lived. Bober begins with a lengthy chronology that contrasts political and personal event, and includes a family tree and local maps. The reference notes and a bibliography indicating manuscript and secondary sources conclude the book. Excellent quality archival reproductions, all clearly labeled, appear throughout the book. The reader comes to know an intelligent, strong, and vitality individual from the stroke of the subject's own pen.

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Throughout the book the reader encounters a remarkable person becoming increasingly independent and informed through her own efforts. She learns to manage both her family and the family farm on her own while supporting her husband in his political endeavors, particularly his work for American Independence fro England.

Abigail's letters also reveal that she was an advocate for independence and women's rights. In one of the letters she wrote to her husband she states

"I long to hear that you have declared an independency and by the way

in the Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make

I desire you would Remember the Ladies and be more generous and

favorable to them than your ancestors. If particular care and attention

is not paid to the Ladies, we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and

and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation."

This letter, as well as many others, express Abigail Adam's sentiments about independence and the rights of women and all people. She did not have any formal education and was poor in spelling, grammar, and punctuation. However, she did not let these defiencies prevent her from communicating with her husband in his absences, her family, and friend.

Part Two

The historical events of the time and the life of the Adams family are so intertwined throughout this book that it is difficult to find a 'most interesting' part. The chapter titled "If man is Lord, woman is Lordess" portrays Abigail as an intellectual equal to her husband in the confines of their home. Her political philosophy was as wise as that of her husband. In their talk of politics, she may have been superior to him. When their ideas conflicted, she persuaded him in his views. While she pressed John Adams on the importance of the emancipation of women, she never went beyond him. She maintained her role as a private observer and supporter of her husband. When she needed examples to get her point across, she used the queens who served as monarchs. She felt that women could be good sovereigns as the queens had been. Although she desired to reign only in the heart of her husband, she believed that women should work as hard for a voice in their male dominated society as to preserve what had already been attained.

In this chapter, as well as throughout the book, Dober shows how Abigail used her family connections and her constant supply of literature to educate herself. While very much an advocate for an expanded role for women in public affairs, she did not feel the need to call for a revolution in the roles of men and women. Rather, she hoped for a legal system where women could find total fulfillment in the ascribed roles as wives, mothers, domestic beings deferential to their fathers and husbands.

Part Three

Garraty states that the Revolution made little difference in the attitude of men towards women. The male attitude was so dominate that John Adams, the husband of Abigail Adams, made fun of her warnings that women would foment a revolution if they were not remembered in the formulation of the laws. However, the Revolution forced women to run farms and conduct businesses that only their fathers and husbands had done prior to the Revolution because the men were called upon to fight. These responsibilities were added to that of caring and educating children. Women such as Abigail Adams proved that they could take care of their families as well as work farms and run businesses. This helped them to recognize their importance and the significance of their contributions for independence and to society as a whole. Women now began to realize that they had to be a factor in the equation of liberty and equality.

No doubt, Abigail's letters to her husband on the issue of the education of women were a factor in the change of attitude towards their education after the Revolution. Post revolutionary politicians realized that women needed to be educated in order to best educate the future generations.

Part Four

One of Dober's strengths in ABIGAbigail Adams Witness to a Revolution is her accurate and judicious account of Abigail's life. She manages to use the subject's own pen to transport the reader to the birthing era of the nation and into the subject's daily life. She drew primarily from the over two thousand letters written by Abigail Adams. She included reference notes, a bibliography indicating manuscript and secondary sources, and archival reproductions.

The book is written in a lively style suitable for an adolescent audience. However, for the purpose of this class, I was able to learn and understand what Abigail's life and that of women of her era must have been like.

As is the case with most high profile individuals, by the time Dober wrote Abigail Adams Witness to a Revolution the facts about her subject were already known. Even though her book is well researched and documented, her main source of reference was Abigail's letters to her husband, family, and friends. She took accounts directly from these letters. This limited her ability to bring to light anything that was new.

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INTRODUCTION Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly. REASON TO OUTSOURCE Although the mix of factors raising the possibility of outsourcing varies widely from one company to another, there are a series of themes that explain most of the pressures to outsource. First of all, general managers' concerns about cost and quality drive outsourcing. The same issues such as getting existing services for a reduced price at acceptable quality standard came up repeatedly. Second, failure to meet service standards can force management to find other ways of achieving reliability. It is not atypical to find a company in which cumulative IT management neglect eventually culminated in an out-of-control situation the current IT department could not recover from. Management can see outsourcing as a way to fix a broken department. Third, a firm under intense cost or competitive pressures, which does not see IT as its core competence, may find outsourcing a way to delegate time-consuming, messy problems so it can focus scarce management time and energy on other differentiators. Next, several financial issues can make outsourcing appealing. One is the opportunity to liquidate the firm's intangible IT asset, thus strengthening the balance sheet and avoiding a stream of sporadic capital investments in the future. Also, outsourcing can turn a largely fixed-cost business into one with variable costs. This is particularly important for firms whose activities vary widely in volume from one year to another or which face significant downsizing. THE BENEFITS FROM OUTSOURCING Outsourcing has identified numerous potential benefits. Financial benefits from outsourcing included rapid funding of new systems development and economies of scale and scope. As consolidate infrastructure through IT outsourcing, a firm can experience cost reductions in hardware and software licensing, facilities, and support headcount. Outsourcing, also, can capitalize on an outside vendor's extensive IT problem solving knowledge. An outside vendor had the ability to get more of the technology that came out. They could spend money on investments that a company couldn't afford internally. That opens up a lot more avenues to future technologies. An outside vendor would manage the IT function more efficiently. A vendor's main competency is managing computer systems. Through their skills, leverage, and economies of scale, they could provide a level of efficiency that could not be achieved at the outsourcer. Finally, Perhaps most important, outsourcing allow internal IT managers to focus on the development of a new IT infrastructure. Underlying the outsourcing effort is a fundamental strategy to offload legacy applications and operations so a firm could focus on developing new strategic application to support the global business processes, which were being reengineered. THE PROCESS OF OUTSOURCING There are many ways to manage IT outsourcing since every company has different culture, strategy, structure, people, and process. Also, many important issues such as structure, Information management operating processes, management processes, human resources management should be clarified. However, I'm here going to use Xerox's outsourcing process. A company may go through 5 phases to reach a successful outsourcing; Fact Gathering, Request for Proposal and Data Gathering, Feasibility and management Approval, Baseline Building and Evaluation, Due Diligence and Contract Awarded. At first, information management (IM) collects the facts the company faces and design team recommendation. Then IM request for information to numerous vendors. After compare their response with evaluation checklist which includes technical, HR, financial, contractual factors, IM conclude the feasibility of outsourcing and make recommendation for management. Then, with the Management's approval, IM start to build best-case model and contract terms while evaluate the vendors' proposal using evaluation checklist again. Then, the final negotiation and selection for contract development will be made and, finally, terms are finalized and contract is drafted. THE PROBEMS IN OUTSOURCING Many outsourcing contracts are structured for very long periods in a world of fast-moving technical and business change. Eight to ten years is the normal length of a contract in an environment in which computer chip performance is shifting by 0 to 0 percent per year. Consequently, a deal that made sense at the beginning may take less economic sense three years later and require adjustments to function effectively. Exacerbating the situation is the timing of benefits. The first-year benefits are clear to customer, who often receives a one-time capital payment. The customer then feels relieved to shift problems and issues to another organization. The situation from the outsourcer's perspective is just the reverse. The first year may require a heavy capital payment followed by the extraordinary costs for switching responsibility to them and executing the appropriate cost-reduction initiatives. All this is done in anticipation of a back-loaded profit flow. At precisely the time the outsourcer is finally moving into its earnings stream, the customer, perhaps feeling the need for new services, is chafing under monthly charges and anxious to move to new IT architectures. If the customer has not had experience in partnering activities before, the relationship can develop profound tensions. The evolution of technologies often changes the strategic relevance of IT service to a firm. From the customer's viewpoint, assigning a commodity service to an outsider is very attractive if the price is right. Delegating a firm's service differentiator is another matter. The customer that made the original decision on efficiency will judge it differently if using effectiveness criteria later. CONCLUSION IT outsourcing has so many positive effects for a company even though it still contains various problem needed to be solved. In the Internet age, any company may want to focus its internal staff on moving it to the environment that will support them tomorrow and outsourcing could be one of the best solutions. Also, outsourcing is really more of an integration of two separate businesses to be successful. Both want to take the best parts of each culture and put them together. In addition, critical success factors including existence of a multi-years, corporate commitment to the IM strategy and outsourcing, and quality culture and attitude should be considered in outsourcing.

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Although Ahab and Oedipus have diverse styles of leadership, their similar personalities guide both of them to similar tragic ends. They share many characteristics of a good leader, which is a major reason for their previous success, but they also share many bad personality traits, which cause their downfalls.

Throughout "Oedipus Rex", Oedipus displays many good qualities that make him a successful leader. In the beginning of the story, the author tells the story of how Oedipus became King of Thebes. Sophocles explains that Oedipus solved the riddle of the sphinx and by doing so he liberated the people of Thebes and won the crown. As king, Oedipus led with determination, confidence, and responsibility.

After Tiresias accused Oedipus of murdering the previous king, Laius, the people of Thebes begin to doubt Oedipus and turn against him. Oedipus responds by saying, "Ask your questions. I shall not be proved a murderer." (p.) This quote is an example of his determination to prove his innocence to the people of Thebes and maintain their respect for him. This determination comes from his strong self-confidence and desire to show his people that they should have believed him. Not only will Oedipus fight for his innocence, he is completely confident that he will win. After Oedipus comes to the painful realization that he actually did kill King Laius, he shows true leadership by accepting the consequences. "The evil is mine; no one but me can bear its weight." (p. 100) By taking responsibility, Oedipus demonstrates his leadership, and love for the people of Thebes.

In Melville's "Moby Dick", Captain Ahab, like Oedipus, displays many traits of a leader. He shows courage, determination, and powerful speaking, which he uses to gain the trust and respect of his crew. At the beginning of the journey to sea, the crew enters the ship and they sail for several days. The men are all anxious to meet the legendary Captain Ahab. Several days later, Ahab orders the whole crew to assemble before him. He delivers a powerful speech about their mission to capture the White Whale, and the crew agrees to go after him with Ahab. Ahab offers a Spanish ounce of gold to the crewmember that spots Moby Dick first. In excitement, the crew yells and they take an oath of violence and revenge against Moby Dick. Unlike Oedipus, who is fighting against his people to prove his innocence, Ahab has managed to gain the support of his crew to help him with his quest. Although it seems that Ahab has the better style of leadership of the two men, they both end up in defeat.

Ahab and Oedipus possess many similar personality traits that cause them to fail in their quests. Ahab's determination and stubbornness cause him to lead his crew on perilous voyage that ends with death. Oedipus, who has a short temper and is very stubborn, ends up being proven guilty because of these flaws in his personality.

In the beginning, Tiresias makes it clear that Oedipus has a bad temper by saying, "You blame my temper, but your not aware of the one you live with." (p.) It is obvious that Oedipus feels that he is too powerful to be manipulated by worthless prophets and because of this he becomes hostile towards Tiresias. As the story continues, the Chorus explains Oedipus' character by saying, "He lost control of himself." (p.) This shows that the people of Thebes are well aware of his problem. Oedipus is too stubborn to give in to the accusation and he continues to fight for his innocence. Towards the end of the story, Oedipus reveals a past encounter he had at the crossing of three highways. He describes it to his wife, Jocasta, and says that he crossed paths with a herald and a man driving a horse drawn wagon. The driver tried to push him away from the wagon, and in defense he struck Oedipus over the head. Oedipus continues to describe how he lost his temper and in rage he killed the driver, the herald, and the man in the wagon. This shocking story gives another example of his temper as a bad quality, which is a cause of his downfall.

Oedipus is also disparaged by the public for always making decisions without fully thinking them through. The Chorus criticizes Oedipus' quick decision-making by saying " Quick decisions are not the safest." (p.41) Oedipus responds with "If I take my time and wait, then his [opponent] cause is won, and mine lost." (p.41) The public is receptive to Oedipus' mistakes and they see many faults in his personality. After fighting with Creon about the murder of Laius, Creon asks Oedipus if he wants to banish him from Thebes. Oedipus shows a new inferiority, his mercilessness when he responds by saying "Not at all. Death is what I want for you, not exile." (p.4) At this point, the people of Thebes begin to view Oedipus in a tyrannical way because now he only wants what is in his best interest and not theirs.

Ahab, like Oedipus, was stubborn, determined, and somewhat tyrannical. Ahab's crew joined his ship to travel the world and make money. Ahab is not concerned about making money, but instead he cares about his own personal quest, catching Moby Dick. He convinces his crew to help him capture the White Whale, and every member concurs except for his first mate, Starbuck. Starbuck is skeptical about this mission because he understands the dangers involved and also begins to view Ahab as a tyrant for wanting what is in his best interest.

Later in the story, Starbuck continues to attempt to talk Ahab out of the hunt for the White Whale. Ahab is too stubborn and determined to stray from his primary objective. Ahab teaches his crew a motto of his, "A dead whale or a stove boat!" (Moby Dick, p. 17) By this, Ahab means that when they are chasing a whale, they won't stop until they either kill it, or their boats are destroyed. This extreme determination and perilous attitude eventually lead to his and most of his crewmember's deaths.

At the end of the story, Ahab's ship, The Pequod, chases Moby Dick for three days. After losing several boats, Ahab decides that they still must attack the White Whale. Ahab and the crew end up dead leaving only Ishmael and Moby Dick alive. Ahab's blind determination that initially inspired his crew eventually turned into the cause of their deaths. The crew died attempting to complete Ahab's quest, and by doing so they made him more of a tyrant.

In these two stories, both Oedipus and Ahab are on their own personal quests and it is not until they get their own people involved that they end up failing. Oedipus is on a quest for the truth about his background, as well as for his innocence. Ahab's quest is to kill Moby Dick as an act of revenge for taking his leg. Both characters begin by leading their people in a good manner, and end by thinking too much about their own needs and not enough about the needs of their people.

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