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The Lost Generation

And the Code Hero

As

Depicted in

Order custom research paper on The Code Hero in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises

Ernest Hemingway's

"The Sun Also Rises"

Karen L. Patterson

ENGL 441

Professor Wendy Perkins

Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley are characterized as members of the

lost generation. They foolishly set out on pointless trips or get involved

in meaningless relationships to avoid feeling, dreaming or even hoping of good

things. They fit the description Gertrude Stein defines as members of the lost

generation.

Gertrude Stein defined the members of the lost generation as members of a generation that came of age during World War I. The World quickly adopted the phrase as the most accurate description of the generation that passed through the threshold of adulthood at this time working, fighting or dying in the war. The horrific conflict shattered this generation's faith in traditional values such as love, bravery, manhood and womanhood. Without these values to rely on, the members of this generation found their existence aimless, meaningless, and unfulfilling.

Their behavior and conduct during social situations, relationships and sexual

liaisons, further leads to classifying the two as part of the lost generation. Jake and

Lady Brett consider these situations as trivial matters, to be taken lightly and

without any thought about consequences or whom they hurt or damage. They have

friends who are superficial, lacking in commitment, and intent on going through life

without strong ties to anyone or anything. Both are damaged individuals, Jake

because of his impotence and experiences during the war. The war left many men

who fought, devastated by the trench warfare and the brutal deaths of their

comrades. During the war society's view on warfare and of those that fought

changed. Initially going to war was considered brave, patriotic and honorable. As

time passed the war brought out the frailty of humanity. Many people of Jake and

Brett's generation saw themselves differently after the war.

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Attitudes and acceptable behavior before the war were cast aside. A

new era of immoral behavior, excessive drinking and a need to travel aimlessly

replaced moral behavior, the need for family, friends and commitment. Jake

Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley take membership in the lost generation to a whole

new threshold. Brett goes going through a painful separation, and loves and leaves

men as soon as relationships turn serious. Jake and Brett are in love with one

another, but cannot commit for reasons that many would fine trivial. Jake was

wounded during the war, an injury that left him unable to have sex. Jake and

Brett are in love with each other, but because Jake is impotent Brett cannot make a

commitment to him. For Brett sex and sexual conquests are the only way for her to

feel loved and in control of her life. She moves from one unfulfilling sexual conquest

to another, unheard of behavior for a woman of this generation. She takes all the

traditional values of women and casts them aside in an effort to combat her

loneliness and feelings of inadequacy. She drinks a great deal to avoid feeling the

pain she endures resulting from a series of failed relationships and sexual

conquests. Brett considers herself to be a very strong woman. She can handle

herself well in the company of all men at the same time. Brett is not a happy

woman, but the reasons for her unhappiness evades her. She realizes that many of

her relationships fail because of her reluctance to commit and in the end it is her

own doing. She never achieves happiness in her relationships, and in the end calls

for Jake to come and rescue her from herself. She needs to be loved and feel love

after a separation and impending divorce from her first husband. Both Jake and

Brett, as members of the lost generation, are in desperate need of happiness and

fulfillment. They travel aimlessly around the world in search of this fulfillment, but

as the novel ends we realized they never will quite achieve this goal.

Jake and Brett surround themselves with friends who are as self-destructive and

as unfulfilled as them. Their conversations consist of only trivial matters, often

through a haze of alcohol. It is during this excessive drinking that many of the

confrontations between Jake and Mike and their friends take place. The drinking

in the novel is a way to avoid any real chance at friendship. Often during these

alcoholic binges numerous fights occur. Drinking causes many confrontations and

shows the true nature of each relationship. Never discussed are the true feelings

each has for one another, and during these alcoholic episodes many of these

friendships are destroyed. They are not really friends at all, but convenient

partners in a dangerous dance of immorality and excess. Alcohol succeeds in not

only bringing out true feelings, but also destroys any chance of real and long lasting

friendships. They are only friends because they share feelings of inadequacy and

unfulfillment characterized by the lost generation. They never discuss how

they really feel about each other. They only hint at how they feel about their

lifestyles and immoral behavior. These friendships are successful only because in

each relationship there is an underlying proclivity to destroy that friendship.

Alcohol makes people behave badly and to lash out at each other. Hemmingway the

author of the "Sun Also Rises" uses alcohol to show how Jake, Brett and their

friends, fill their lives with drinking, dancing and immoral behavior that became

standard behavior for the souls of the lost generation. During conversations

between Jake and his friends there is no talk of the war and its long-lasting effects.

True friend could easily discuss the impact the war had on their lives and

relationships, but when people are only superficial it is difficult to bring into

conversations how the war affected your life and relationships.

Like Brett, Jake picks up people and then casts them aside. He meets Georgette,

the prostitute, has dinner with her and then abandons her because he is distracted

by Brett. Jakes uncaring attitude towards people he encounters is indicative of the

behavior of people of the lost generation. The people of the lost generation became a

group of individuals who felt the need to travel aimlessly, not create any lasting

relationships, and never succeed at anything in life. The affects of the lost

generation came about as a result of the end of the war, when hope died as more lives were lost.

In Hemingway's novel, "The Sun Also Rises," he always includs one or

more characters he refers to as the "code hero." The code hero in Hemingway's

novel is thought to always be the main or strongest character. The code

heroes in Hemingway's novel "The Sun Also Rises," are characters that live by a

code of conduct that allows them to maintain their human dignity, at all costs. They

are as follows

The hero accepts responsibility for his own life. He doesn't blame others for his circumstances, neither God nor fate nor other human beings. The hero does not intrude into other people's lives or behave badly toward them. He is a gentleman. The hero is a professional. He does his work well, developing the talents he has and letting nothing hinder him. Moreover, he pursues both his work and his

pastimes out of love for what he does. To do otherwise is "fake," or as

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the Existentialists would say, "acting in bad faith." The hero seeks

out tests of his courage, for it is only by testing himself that he can

lessen his fear of death, keep meaninglessness at bay, and attain self-confidence. Those who are capable of meeting these tests, of coming through harrowing life-and-death experiences without breaking, are said to exhibit "grace under pressure." The hero is a man of action, not an intellectual. He is reticent about his inner life since, for Hemingway, talk dissipates the emotional power of experience.

As a man of action, the hero makes things happen in the world. One

of the worst offenses against the code is passivity, which leads to

romantic escapism and finally to the experience of meaninglessness or, as Hemingway called it, using the Spanish word for "nothing," nada.

The hero creates his own values, which derive form his actions and his response to them. The hero is not involved in political movements, does not champion ideologies, and is not patriotic. His allegiance is to a small group of like-minded individuals. There is a definite insider/outsider, "Us vs. Them" attitude within group, who sometimes speak in a way that prevents others from understanding them.

Jake Barnes fits the profile of the "code hero," a character found in many of Hemingway novels. Never does Jake blame anyone else for his impotence. He rarely speaks of it, to do so would be rude, another of the codes not to be broken by the hero. He takes responsibility for his actions. While many around him are behaving rudely, Jake is often the one to try and diffuse each situation before it gets out of hand. Jake can be viewed as the code hero of the story. Unlike Jake who fits the description of a code hero, Brett often behaves rudely towards the men with which she had relationships. She never seeks out relationships that would that would require her to demonstrate true courage. She hides behind her love for Jake and uses it to hurt as many men as she can. She is not a code hero by any measure of the definition.

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Bibliography

Ernest Hemingway. "The Sun Also Rises," Scribner 16.

Module One Commentary, Definition of the code hero in Hemingway's novels taken from Module One Commentary. Accessed on

November 00. http//tychousa.umuc/ENGL 441/011.

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