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In this module, we are discussing behavior in organizations beyond the individual level. We have read and learned about issues of group processes, power relationships, and conflict management. For this case study, I am asked to characterize the internal politics and group dynamics of Enron during their times of conflict and distress. Enron's organizational structure was politically motivated to the point of utter greediness among the executives. Internal politics were the norm between employees in order to preserve their job and prove their immediate value to the organization. The top leadership drastically affected the group dynamics because the power relationships that formed between executives created fear among employees and severely damaged any successful attempts for group processes. Conflict management was a simple but reprehensible process; if there was a conflict, it was resolved quickly and usually with someone fired. There was no room to question the authority or decisions of management.

We have all heard about the Watergate scandal and the Martha Stewart scandal, however, nothing was as big as the Enron scandal. It was the biggest corporate scandal in the history of the United States. There are many speculations and opinions about what caused the collapse of the corporate giant. There is no simple answer or diagnosis for the collapse of Enron. There were many underlying factors that contributed, but its leadership ultimately led to its collapse. Enron's leadership and management were very greedy and run very political. This was obvious with the billion-dollar oil-trading scandal in 187. Traders had falsified transactions to boost volume and fatten their wallets. The chairman at the time, Ken Lay, knew all this because the company needed the revenue. Once the competitor's became suspicious, Ken Lay feared that Enron's trading partners would have demanded the company to cover its position with cash it did not have. The company later fired its traders and bluffed the market about its loss. However, there was more to the story then this. Top executives became greedier. Managers began calculating their bonuses and following the lead of upper management. It got so bad that the demand to make more money created an environment where raising questions about a deal was considered disloyal.

Based on testimony from former employees, Enron was a great place to work. However, when Jeffrey Skilling was promoted to president and chief executive officer in 16, things changed. During the times of conflict and distress, Enron's employees were treated poorly and politicking hit an all time high. Mr. Skilling was determined to have a corrupted staff that believed in his vision and anyone who did not was fired. For example, it became apparent that those who tried to stop deals received poor ratings and released. Mr. Skilling designed a rating system that was known as "rank and yank." "This was the informal name for a performance review process in which employees were evaluated at regular intervals by management groups and the lowest-ranked were purged." (Schwartz, 00) This method of expulsion kept employees on their feet and internal politics high. It was all about what you are bringing to the company now or within six months from now, no matter what the cost. If it took longer than that, then it was not discussed.

During this time, there were power relationships that had formed between top executives to keep the company afloat and to prevent one employee from telling on another. This dramatically affected group dynamics within the organization. The group processes were also amongst these same lines of non-existence. The employees were afraid to gather and try to implement a better way of communicating. Fear was rampant throughout Enron as no one wanted to go against the grain or question a decision or process. The plan of defrauding the company was not intentional; once the mindset changed from looking at the short-term versus the long-term, temptation and greed settled in and took over.

Conflict management is something that every organization faces. How an organization handles conflict determines their success and failures. Enron's conflict management style was reprehensible and one that was an integral factor in its downfall. Enron's rank and yank evaluation method struck fear in the minds of its employees and ensured that no one would question the authority or decisions management made, even if it dealt with millions of investors dollars. Employees that knew problems existed in their company did not know the full extent or how large they actually were because they were always swept under the rug. There was no communications between offices. Enron top leadership knew how to keep people quiet and silence any rumors about problems in the organization.

In conclusion, Enron's collapse was a combination of many factors but mainly attributed to the poor leadership and unethical standards they adhered to. Executives at Enron became so greedy they were willing to do whatever is necessary to make more money no matter what the cost. Jeff Skilling's management style and power hunger created this environment. It was obvious that Mr. Skilling dictated to Enron's staff. Everyone had to do it his way or he found himself out in the street. Furthermore, the group dynamics was non-existent due to Mr. Skilling's tyranny. The only decisions that were made must have an impact on the company within a six-month period or it was not worth discussing. Conflict management was resolved in such a way that employees learned to keep their mouth shut in order to preserve their job. There was no two-way communication, just one way or the highway.

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The History of Chevrolet

William Durant was originally head of General Motors but had been forced out by the company bankers. In 10 William Durant asked Louis Chevrolet a well-known racecar driver to help design a car for the public. The Chevrolet Motor Car Company enters the automotive world on November , 111, originally not part of General Motors Company. Durant was determined to gain control of GM once again, so when his Chevrolets began popular he took the profits and bought stock in GM. By 116 Durant controlled 54.5 percent of GM stock, he walked in the front door and declared himself president. In 118 Chevrolets first truck went on sale along with the Fords model T competitor, the Chevy 40. 1 Chevrolet introduces its first 6-cylinder engine. ?Six cylinders at the price of four? was their new slogan. In 10 they were the first to produce articulated brake shoes. Chevrolet produced its 7 millionth vehicle. With roads in America still very rough it was a luxury when in 14 Chevrolet was the first to introduce front suspension, which greatly improved the ride, handling, and tire ware. Chevrolet is a pioneer in the station wagon field with the introduction of its Suburban Carryall in 15. During the next few years Chevrolet is a big contributor to the war, they build airplane engines and such for the government. After the war in 14 Chevy rolls out the ?fastback? for a streamline look and the ?bustle back? for a heavier feel. 150 Chevy introduces the first automatic transmission and the Bel Air two-door hardtop. The almighty Chevrolet Corvette is introduced in 15 at the Motorama. Chevy is soon swamped with requests for this new hot rod, with a fiberglass body to be put into production. Power brakes, seats, and windows are offered for the first time in 154, and ?See the USA in your Chevrolet? is their new jingle. Chevrolet sets new sales records in 155 with the introduction of its most famous engine ever, the legendary small block V8 engine. The Corvette offers bucket seats for the first time in the industry. 157 Chevy introduces one of the most prized collector cars ever, the 157 Bel Air with the all-new Ramjet fuel injection system. The first El Camino pickup is introduced in 15, completely restyling Chevy cars. 160 the Chevy Corvair becomes the first American production car to have all around independent suspension. 161 the Impala SS is released. Featuring radical changes in 16 the Corvette Sting Ray is introduced with all around independent suspension and a lone sleek hood with revolutionary headlights that rotate up from underneath the hood. 165 is a record setting year because Chevy is the first to ever build more than million trucks and cars in a single year. The all-new 167 Camaro is such a hit that in a . million car sales year, 10% of that was the Camaro. The 168 T-Top restyles the Corvette Coupe. The first sports utility vehicle of its kind is the 4X4 blazer introduced in 16. With the release of the first subcompact car the Vega in 71?; Chevy is now not only making more than million vehicles a year they are the first to sell more than million cars in one year. 17 Chevrolet debuts the light utility vehicles with the small pickup. 176 the full-size Chevy Caprice is downsized, and wins Motor Trends ?Car of the Year? award and quickly becomes one of America?s favorites. 17 the One Hundred Millionth Chevrolet has been built. 180 the first front wheel drive compact Citation is released. The all-new early 8? model Cavalier introduced. Also in 8? the redesigned Camaro wins Motor Trends ?Car of the Year? award and the S-10 pickup is introduced. S-10 Blazer introduced and quickly becomes America?s number one sport utility in 8?. 184 a new generation Corvette debuts. 185 Astro Van is introduced. Corvette comes with anti-lock brakes and ?The Heartbeat of America? is the new campaign slogan in 186. Three all new vehicles debut is 188, the Corsica, the Beretta, and the C/K pickup. Geo, an import-inspired line of cars and SUV?s are introduced in 18. Corvette shatters three world records for speed and endurance in 10. Caprice Classic LTZ named motor trend ?Car of the Year?. 1 is a big year with the 5th anniversary of the Camaro. New full size SUV?s take the stage with the Blazer, Suburban, as well as a new C/K pickup. The legendary small block V8 engine takes a giant leap forward with the introduction of the LT1 small block blessed with a host of technical refinements. In 14 and 15 Chevrolet becomes the first to ever win the motor trends ?Truck of the Year? two consecutive years in a row, with the Blazer in 4? and the full size Tahoe in 5?. Enhanced Vortec engines introduced in most model truck, providing more power, impressive fuel economy and less maintenance. The Chevy Venture Van is debuted in 16. The fifth generation Corvette in born and will carry the Corvette legend into the new millennium for 17. 1 the Chevy Silverado pickup takes the Motor Trend ?Truck of the Year? award. Chevrolet launches the all-new Chevy Tracker. Chevy unveils the all-new early edition 000 Impala and the release of the Vette C5 hardtop all in just 1. 00 shows up with the all-new Avalanche suv/pickup. Finally in 00 Chevrolet is still at the top of the line and always coming out with new innovations like the brand new Silverado with Quadrasteer. Who knows what they will impress us with in the future but I know that I can?t wait to see what it might be.

A little side note that was forgotten earlier was that the Founder William Durant as a symbol of Chevy?s winning success brought the famous Bowtie to the Chevrolet in 11.

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Critical Thinking Assumptions. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Critical Thinking Assumptions paper right on time.

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Scenario Two

Celeste is a wife and mother of two young children. She is in her mid-0's and has decided to go back to work. Her husband, a college professor, works an extra job, and so is tired all the time and does not spend enough time with the family. Celeste wants things to slow down for him. She will put the children in the daycare. She'll have a 45-minute commute. The extra money will help Jim give up extra commitments. Economically, they will remain about the same but the burden will now be shared more fairly. She expects these changes will make the family happier.

Assumptions

Celeste will like going back to work.

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Celeste will like her new job.

The 45-minute commute will not be an issue for her.

The changes will make the family happier.

Jim will spend more time with the family.

Jim will not be as tired all the time.

Celeste assumes the kids will like being in daycare.

Celeste assumes she is comfortable with putting her children in daycare.

Validation of assumptions

Celeste should review her feelings of work prior to having children.

She should be sure to get a job that she will be interested in doing.

Celeste will have to ask herself if she has the patience for a 45 minute drive in traffic each day.

Celeste can talk to other mothers who went back to work to get a sense of what it is like to be away from the children all day.

Jim will have to promise to pick up additional duties around the house, including planning activities with the children and sharing the housework.

Alternative solutions

Jim could reduce his hours at work and they can spend less money. Maybe Celeste could find a closer job. She can find a job that has on-site day care. Maybe she can work weekends only.

Scenario #

Maria, an instructor of interpersonal skills for managers, has had three sessions with a particular organization. She was told that Neil has not been able to keep a team together for more than three months at a time. She notices that, in her workshops, he lounges with a bored expression and reads the sports pages while she is speaking. She concludes his arrogance and hostility are hurting his performance. She writes him a memo about his behaviors (reading, looking bored, not bothering to contribute and the negative effect it has on the group). She asks him to eliminate these behaviors because she believes his power and prestige will grow.

Assumptions

Maria assumes he is arrogant and hostile.

Maria assumes he is bored.

Maria assumes those particular behaviors are negatively effecting the group.

Maria assumes if he eliminates those behaviors his power and prestige will grow.

Maria assumes she has no preconceived biases.

Validation of assumptions

Maria should communicate with him and ask him if he finds the material boring or the actual workshop boring.

Alternative solutions

More communication of the entire scenario should occur between them. She should try and show him what his behavior is portraying and then teach him active listening skills.

Scenario #4

Jeffrey, a manager in his 40s, works for a medium-sized organization in Chicago, and is fed up with work. The problem is not financial, it is that he is not being recognized. The boss recently brought in an outsider to help him at his own expertise. He has applied for other jobs and has been offered one in California. The interviewer flattered him. He felt his qualifications were being highly regarded. He feels that if he takes this new job, hell clearly be recognized and rewarded.

Assumptions

Jeffrey assumes his boss brought in an outsider to help him at his own expertise.

Jeffrey assumes if he takes the new job he will be recognized and rewarded.

Jeffrey assumes the grass is greener in California than in Chicago.

Jeffrey assumes his qualifications were being highly regarded.

Jeffrey assumes that his high regard in the interview will continue throughout the job in California.

Validation of assumptions

Jeffrey can meet with his boss to clarify roles for him and the outsider as it pertains to working together. Jeffrey should contact some people that work in the organization in California to see how they feel regarding being rewarded and recognized.

Alternative solutions

He should become more involved in the company and do other things to be recognized by others. He should recognize other people for their expertise.

Scenario #5

Rod is a single father of three children. He takes his parenting responsibilities very seriously. He is also an independent contractor working out of his home office. He takes his work responsibilities seriously, as well. Although the aspect of having an office at home gives him many opportunities to be involved in his children's lives, the fact of having the job there all the time also causes him to keep working when he should stop when the kids expect him to be available. The kids continually remind him of the latter case. He believes moving his office out of the house will allow him to balance his efforts between work and family better.

Assumptions

Rod assumes by working at home he obtains many opportunities to be with his children.

Rod assumed he was disciplined enough to separate work and family.

Rod assumes he will balance work and family better if he moves his office out of the home.

Rod assumed that by working out of his home office the kids would not interrupt him.

Rod assumed that he would be able to get his work done before the kids got home from school.

Validation of assumptions

Talk to another single father working from home.

Alternative solutions

Rod can set a schedule for work and kids/time-management.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Poetry of Anne Bradstreet. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Poetry of Anne Bradstreet paper right on time.

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The poetry of Anne Bradstreet is some of the most personal and dramatic that I have ever read. She used her life experiences to create works of art. Many of her poems showed negative moments in her life, but she knew how to express those feelings without being too depressing. After readings pieces from other writers, I have found that Bradstreet's writing is easier to read because it relates to everyday life. Reading her poetry also helped me bring the past to the present. History is such a hard subject to really understand and enjoy, but her stories made me relate history to the modern day world. It is also written in an easy to follow format. The main reason I enjoyed reading Bradstreet was that it was interesting and kept my attention throughout each and every piece.

The first poem I read of her was The Flesh and the Spirit. I viewed this poem as a discussion between two sisters. One sister, Flesh, was very materialistic and viewed the concept of happiness as having silver, gold, pearls, and other worldly possessions. Flesh never had a spiritual part to her life. On the other hand, Spirit was very religious and "spiritual". She spent her life trying to serve the Lord. I believe she felt as though the purpose of her life was to prepare her for her eternal days in Heaven. The discussion I saw between the two was a debate of beliefs. They were both trying to convey their feelings about their outlook on life to the other. Flesh was trying to convince Spirit that worldly possessions are more important than spirituality. And Spirit argued the other way. This poem gave me a different aspect on spirituality and materialism.

Before the Birth of One of Her Children was another one of Bradstreet's poems. This one was a discussion between Bradstreet and her unborn child. This, I believe, is one of the most intimate conversations she has. It was a personal account of the moments just before she delivered. I believe she is telling her unborn baby that she may not survive the birthing process, but she makes it very clear that she doesn't want her child to grieve her death but celebrate her life.

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Another very personal poem and conversation she wrote is called To My Dear and Loving Husband. This was a very description account of her marriage and relationship with her husband. In this poem is it obvious that the two were in love and had a wonderful life together. One line in particular goes directly back to The Flesh and the Spirit. "I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold or all the riches that the East doth hold." This shows her spiritual side. She is proclaiming that the relationship that God has given her with her husband means more to her than anything material thing the Earth could hold. In my point of view, Bradstreet uses each poem to build another one. Not only does she use her own experiences but she using other poetry as well. This was another concept of her poetry that I really enjoyed.

There were also two poems about the deaths of her grandchildren In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet and On My Dear Simon Bradstreet. Both of these poems describe the pain and distress of losing a child. But they also put a positive aspect on the situation. In the first poem, one line in particular stands out. "By nature trees do rot when they are grown and plums and apples thoroughly rip do fall…" This line helps to explain that even though it is hard to deal with these deaths, it was their time to be with God. And because they died they don't have suffer growing old and aging.

Upon the Burning of Our House was a very personal and dramatic poem. When reading this poem I felt as though she grieved in a very mellow way. She was not hysterical, which may cause many to believe that she was not grieving at all. But I find that almost impossible. How could anyone not be sad and grief stricken if they lost everything they owned. "When the ruins oft I past my sorrowing eyes aside did cast, and here and there the places spy where oft I sat and long did lie." This line emphasizes my point that she had to be grieving in some way. She say directly that she had sorrowing eyes as she recalled where she used to play and sleep.

The last poem that I read by Anne Bradstreet was entitled As Weary Pilgrim. This poem uses descriptive details to describe the life of a pilgrim, or I see it, a typical hard worker. It continues to talk about this person as they are sleeping. While some may see it as simply resting at the end of a hard day, I see it as resting at the end of a hard life. I believe this pilgrim has completely his life and is now resting eternally. One of the reasons I see it as dying and going to Heaven is because of one line in particular. "This body shall in silence sleep, mine eyes no more shall ever weep, no fainting fits shall me assail, nor grinding pains my body frail. It continues to talk about the good memories of this person's life. This poem is a true description of how wonderful Heaven is going to be.

Anne Bradstreet's poetry is some of the most entertaining pieces I have ever read. I really enjoyed being able to relate to her experiences. This made it much easier to read and stay focused. I saw much of her poetry to be discussions. It seemed as though the main point in her work was the concept of conversation. I believe conversation is such a great part of relationships and social life in general. While in conversation, we can show our emotion, learn about other people, tell about your self, and many other parts of life. Without conversation and language our world would be nothing but chaos. Reading Bradstreet's poetry has been a real eye opener and a chance for me to learn new things and see new perspectives on the world.

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Bernoulli's Principle. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Bernoulli's Principle paper right on time.

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Bernoulli, Daniel (February 8, 1700 March 17, 178) is the most distinguished of the second generation of the Bernoulli family of Swiss mathematicians. He was a Swiss physicist and mathematician who made important discoveries in hydrodynamics. He was the only member of his family to make a mark in physics. He investigated not only mathematic but also such fields as medicine, biology, physiology, mechanics, physics, astronomy, and oceanography. Bernoulli's theorem, which he derived, is named after him.

Daniel Bernoulli was the second son of Johann Bernoulli, who first taught him mathematics. After studying philosophy, logic, and medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Strasbourg, and Basel, he received an M.D. degree (171); and in 17-4 he wrote Exercitationes quaedam Mathematicae on differential equations and the physics of flowing water, which won him a position at the influential Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia. Bernoulli lectured there until 17 in medicine, mechanics, and physics, and he researched the properties of vibrating and rotating bodies and contributed to probability theory. In that same year he returned to Basel to accept the post in anatomy and botany. By then he was widely esteemed by scholars and also admired by the public.

Daniel's reputation was established in 178 with Hydrodynamica, in which he considered the properties of basic importance in fluid flow, particularly pressure, density, and velocity, and set forth their fundamental relationship. The Hydrodynamica is both a theoretical and a practical study of equilibrium, pressure and velocity of fluids. He put forward what is called Bernoulli's principle, which states that the pressure in a fluid decreases as its velocity increases. He also established the basis for the kinetic theory of gases and heat by demonstrating that the impact of molecules on a surface would explain pressure and that, assuming the constant, random motion of molecules, pressure and motion increase with temperature. About 178, his father published Hydraulica; this attempt by Johann to obtain priority for himself was another instance of his antagonism toward his son.

Between 175 and 174, Daniel won 10 prizes from the Paris Academy of Sciences for work on astronomy, gravity, tides, magnetism, ocean currents, and the behaviour of ships at sea. He also made substantial contributions in probability. He shared the 175 prize for work on planetary orbits with his father, who, it is said, threw him out of the house for obtaining a prize he felt should be his alone. Daniel's prizewinning papers reflected his success on the research frontiers of science and his ability to set forth clearly before an interested public the scientific problems of the day. In 17, he accepted a post in a botany and anatomy at Basel; in 174, one in physiology; and in 1750, one in physics.

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The study of Bernoulli's theorem could really be helpful for a deeper understanding of a number of everyday occurrences wherein, evidently, Bernoulli's principle finds itself at the heart of. Its study could really lessen the speculation of these daily phenomena and offer more scientific clarifications, which are more believable to human understanding.

In this attempt, we hope to emerge in helping others understand more our problem how aerofoil produces lift and how spin affects a ball's movement in the air.

The scope of our study stretches from the investigation of fluid dynamics to the analysis of aircraft-wing design. We will be investigating fluid dynamics but more on aerodynamics. This will include its principles and where these principles relate to the two basic aerodynamic forces, lift and drag. Our study also includes the analysis of aircraft-wing design, which means we would be investigating aeronautics, the activity of designing, building, and flying aircraft. We will also be investigating the design of baseballs and one of the basic baseball skills pitching.

Our assumption is that this study would be well spent and worthwhile. We believe that our hypothesis would be proven correct. That it really is just in the design of the plane that gives it its lift and also the baseball, it's having ridges that make it follow a curved path in the air when given a spin.

Bernoulli's theorem or Bernoulli's Principle, in fluid dynamics, relation among the pressure, velocity, and the elevation in a moving fluid (liquid or gas), the compressibility and viscosity (internal friction) of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady, or laminar. First derived (178) by the Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli, the theorem states, in effect, that the total mechanical energy of the flowing fluid, comprising the energy associated with fluid pressure, the gravitational potential energy of elevation, and the kinetic energy of fluid motion, remains constant. Bernoulli's theorem is the principle of energy conservation for ideal fluids in steady, or streamline, flow.

Bernoulli's theorem implies, therefore, that if the fluid flows horizontally so that no change in gravitational potential energy occurs, then a decrease in fluid pressure is associated with an increase in fluid velocity. If the fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-sectional area, for example, the fluid speeds up in constricted areas so that the pressure the fluid exerts is least where the cross section is smallest. This phenomenon is sometimes called the Venturi effect, after the Italian scientist G.B. Venturi (1746-18), who first noted the effects of constricted channels on fluid flow.

Bernoulli's theorem is the basis for many engineering applications, such as aircraft-wing design. The air flowing over the upper curved surface of an aircraft wing moves faster than the air beneath the wing, so that the pressure underneath is greater than that on the top of the wing, causing lift.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Youth Suicide. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Youth Suicide paper right on time.

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The target group in this assignment is Youth Suicide. Suicide has been identified as a major clinical concern by a number of staff in various agencies, which has led to this study being undertaken.

The aim and the purpose of this study is to determine and assess the need for increased support for youth, both male and female, in the prevention of suicide.

I will look at the issues involving Youth Suicide and try to identify why such a high number of young people today are attempting suicide. I will look at the issues surrounding why this is happening, try to identify where the gaps in the different services are, the risk factors and also the need for professional development in health care workers.

The issue to be looked at first is the reason why so many young people in our society either take their own lives or try to harm themselves.

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One of the main issues that arose in young females self-harming themselves is a history of sexual abuse in their recent or distant past. This accounts for 10% but could be a lot higher as young people have a reluctance to disclose such history about themselves. This issue lies not only with young females but also with the young males in our society.

We also look at the Cultural issues and find that suicide was extremely rare in traditional Australian Indigenous communities (Hunter,16). However today the rate is rapidly increasing and will soon overtake that of the general population. For certain age clusters, "15-4"and "5-4"the rates are "1-4"and "1-7" times as great. The rates in 15-1 year old Aboriginal males are four times higher than in non-Aboriginal youth.

The issues of distress and conflict over homosexual orientation in young people has also been recognised as a great risk factor for depression, substance abuse and suicide.

In 15 there were 44 suicide deaths registered in Australia aged between 15 to 4 years of age. Of these, suicide accounted for 5% of all male deaths and 17% of female deaths.

Since 160 to 10 the rate of registered suicide in Australia among young males aged 15 to 5 has trebled, while the rate for young female suicide has approximately doubled. However, since 10 there has not been a registered increase among either males or females.

From undertaking this study, there are many recommendations that can and should be looked at, whilst trying to be put into place. These recommendations are as follows

1. To provide clinical support for young people with deliberate self-harming tendencies. This is to be used as a strategy in reducing the number of young people attending emergency departments with deliberate self-harm.

. The measurement of outcomes needs to be routinely applied.

. Clinical guidelines to outline effective approaches to deliberate self-harm among young people.

4. Consideration needs to be given to developing a system of monitoring presentations to departments and agencies by current clients of the mental health service who have a history of self-harm.

5. Education programs are needed for agencies, hospitals and all staff working with youth to enable them to be more educated in these matters.

6. A mental health liaison service capable of responding rapidly to referrals from emergency departments is essential and requires a dedicated position.

7. The mental health worker should provide follow up care in the community in the first instance.

8. General practitioners need to be involved in the shared management of young suicidal people.

. Community youth agencies need more flexibility where referral practises are concerned.

10. Health workers need to be trained to be able to identify and then be able to commence caring for the young people who have been sexually abused.

11. Special sexual assault counsellors need to be involved from the first instance.

1. Health workers need to be sensitive and skilled in assessing the issues of sexual orientation whilst having informed resources at hand.

1. Schools need education programs about homosexuality whilst addressing the issue of homophobia.

14. A need for Aboriginal liaison officers to be included in the management of suicidal Australian and Torres Straight Islander clients (ATSI) with the clients consent.

15. Training for parent hood programs should be commenced in high school and offered in adult education organisations.

16. Studies need to be made into the risks of immigrants and first and second generation Australians, with a particular focus on young women.

17. Consumer involvement is valuable in planning and evaluating success.

18. Committees need to be established at National and State levels. This would include representatives from the Police Services, Mental Health Units and general Hospital Services.

With these recommendations in place, it is now time to put into action the Intervention Strategies.

The Intervention Strategy has two phrases

1. Identification and assessment; and

. Long term follow up in the community.

The components of the Intervention Strategy service to be offered to persons at risk of suicide are guided by the following

1. To appoint a service co-ordinator for each client.

. Plan and document follow up interviews with the client.

. Inform parents and carers of risk status, if appropriate.

4. To monitor and provide care to clients according to individual need of each client.

There are many expected outcomes of the Intervention Strategies of each client. These are as follows

1. To reduce symptoms.

. To reduce disability.

4. To reduce the frequency and the severity of deliberate self-harm.

5. Engagement and maintenance of clients in treatment.

In conclusion, it is evident to see why many young male and female youths commit suicide and/or try to deliberately harm themselves. With the many connections evident in today's society relating to youth suicide, it is an important issue that will always remain.

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When Sigmund Freud first developed his psychoanalytical theory as treatment for those people who had mental dysfunctions, he was one of the first analysts to attempt to tackle patients' head on by developing a series of therapeutic sessions directly with the patients. These sessions are largely based on talking to patients and discovering their repressed feelings that he believes are the causes of the mental disorder. His theory is solely based on the fact that he believes human behavior develops through a series of stages in childhood that largely rely upon the satisfaction of needs in the individual which are mostly sexual. He thinks that if the unconscious mind is unable to control the interpretation of the needs and how to understand them in relation to the real world, then behavioral problems will arise. Once these problems are uncovered with the help of a therapist, then behavior can change.

Sigmund Freud is known for his unique ways of curing people with cases of hysteria by psychoanalysis. By definition hysteria is an "excessive or uncontrollable emotion" and can also be classified as a disease or an ailment (dictionary, 41). Once hysteria has taken over a person, the next step to cure him or her is to undergo psychoanalysis, which is "a method of psychiatric therapy in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of feelings and behavior are used to investigate mental and emotional disorders" (dictionary, 677). Freud's first step in his psychoanalytical treatment is talking to his patients in order to get to the origin of the patients problem. Freud shows that the foundation of the basic principal of psychoanalysis is that "human beings are driven by unconscious forces" (11). For many patients, including Dora, from "The Clinical Picture", Freud shows that the etiologies of the hysterical outcries are those from repressed ideas in the unconscious mind. Once therapy has started, the therapist, such as Sigmund Freud, is able to analyze, interpret, and understand the patients' dreams, thoughts, symptoms, and unconscious ideas. Some of Freud's procedures that he practices are the "talking method", bringing the unconscious to consciousness, completing the patients' story, and transference. Theses methods are used to try to cure some of Freud's patients that have cases of hysteria.

Freud's "talking method" makes it easier to understand the human mind and helps cure Dora in "The Clinical Picture." It proves that interaction between Freud and Dora helps Freud come up with a conclusion and gives Dora a cure that no one else or no other treatment is able to do. "The Clinical Picture" is basically the story of how Freud puts the pieces of Dora's life together like a puzzle. He shares stories about her life that Dora shares with him while under Freud's care as a therapist. These stories help Freud analyze, interpret, and understand where Dora is coming from and also give him "physical manipulation of the patient's body gave way to psychological engagement with the patients mind" (1). A simple, yet hard to achieve cure for hysteria becomes "a matter of talking and analyzing" (1).

While Freud talks to his patients he often asks them to repeat a certain part of a story or even asks them to tell the entire story again. This part of the treatment is critical because many people with a case of hysteria leave out important information in their stories either consciously or unconsciously. In "The Clinical Picture" Dora will repeat parts of or a whole story and either the part or whole is slightly changed. In one therapy session with Dora, Freud comes up with some conclusions from her "Second Dream" that he discusses with her. From the conclusions Dora was able to remember "a piece of the dream which had been forgotten" (4). The changing of the story is defined as the patients repressed ideas coming out. Usually the patient is not aware of this and it helps Freud to understand the story more comprehensively. This is Freud's way of putting pieces of different stories together to complete a bigger one that can be used to cure the patient. Dora's case proves that talking about the same things over and over again will enhance the brain and bring out more details to a story or dream that have not been stated yet.

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Freud also demonstrates that the unconscious can be used to cure a case of hysteria, which he proves though Dora. It is verified that many people, including Dora, have unconscious symptoms and actions. These are "repressed ideas and experiences that the hysteria patient pushes into parts of the brain that are inaccessible to the conscious mind" (11). Freud figures out that Dora has these repressed ideas and experiences and that it is his job to bring the unconscious ideas to consciousness and then to untangle and to understand Dora on a psychoanalytical level. In "The Clinical Picture" Freud comes to the conclusion that one of Dora's major unconscious actions is her coughing uncontrollably. He concludes that, "her illness [is] therefore a demonstration of her love for [Herr] K." (Freud 1). This conclusion is evaluated many times throughout Dora and Freud's discussions to help bring out more details and cure her case of hysteria. This is Freud's demonstration on "how the theory of the unconscious [can] be used to cure hysteria" (1).

Transference is one more helpful tool that Freud makes use of in his psychoanalysis treatment.

In order for Freud to fill gaps of stories, answer questions, and figure out unconscious, repressed ideas, he must talk to his patient a numerous amount of times to better understand her. The conclusion takes time and "it is only towards the end of the treatment that [Freud] has an intelligible, consistent, and unbroken case history" (Freud 17). Freud proves these cures to work through the life of Dora in "The Clinical Picture."

Please note that this sample paper on What is psychoanalysis? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on What is psychoanalysis?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on What is psychoanalysis? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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