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Globalization

By

Mike Sutter

University of Phoenix

MGT 448

Cory A. Wengreen

October 1, 00

Globalization

Introduction

Globalization can be defined as the ongoing global trend toward the free flow of goods and services and the creation of a world economy. Through global trade and cooperation, Globalization aim to benefit everyone who partakes in it. While it provides a great number of benefits to society, they are provided at the expense of others. Since it is argued for the greater good, it has become one of the most heated topics in international business

Benefits

One of the most practical benefits that has resulted from globalization is the tremendous increase in the speed of communication. The prime example would be the Internet. The Internet is a global medium that instantaneously provides swarms of material containing information uploaded from various parts of the world. Since this information is shared worldwide, everyone with access to the Internet can take full advantage of it. Globalization also provides for cell phone companies to use such slogans as "anywhere, anytime" minutes. As a result of sharing technology across the globe, people can communicate with just about anyone.

Another practical attribute that a global economy brings is lowered transportation costs and reduced tariffs. Under the theory of globalization, all barriers to trade will be lowered, allowing foreign products to compete directly with domestic products. Consumers benefit when the cost to import a product is lowered since foreign goods are in turn more affordable. The producers of these goods also benefit from the larger consumer market.

Globalization attracts firms to invest in lower developed countries where labor is cheaper. As they make these investments, a few benefits arise in that host country. First, the economy is lifted due to the sudden rise in the workforce. All the employees hired would be residents of that host country. Next, the government can collect taxes on everything produced and exported from the host country. For major apparel and car manufacturers, this figure can be rather substantial. Finally, the technological and managerial know how used to run the corporation is brought to the host country, providing knowledge and insight for many other domestic businesses.

In addition to boosting the economy, globalization benefits the environment as well. Such global agreements as the North American Free Trade Act, and organizations including the European Union promote environmental regulations throughout their respective regions. In creating a global economy, world wide environmental standards can be created. Through cooperation and regulation, globalization could be the answer to cleaning up the environment.

Disadvantages

While it seems that globalization has many positive attributes, those who oppose it have a strong argument as well. Globalization widens the gap between the rich and the poor. While it does indeed create wealth, the people who reap that wealth are already wealthy. A United Nations Report by Joe Lauria states, "the richest 00 people in the world more than doubled their net worth in the four years to 18 to $1 trillion, which is more than the gross national products respectively of Canada, Belgium, Spain, South Korea, Brazil or Russia." When companies invest in foreign nations, the money that they earn is invested back into the firm's home country. The only use of the foreign country is for cheap labor. In addition, despite of the increased economic prosperity that the firm creates, the foreign nation becomes dependent upon the company for employment, revenue, and technological improvements. Without the firm, the country can no longer be self-sufficient.

Since companies seem to seek out the cheapest labor on the globe, foreign governments have decreased their human rights standards in order to attract investment. Some of these decreased standards include no child labor restrictions, no minimum wage laws, and unsanitary working environments. Furthermore, foreign governments also recede any environmental standards to make themselves more marketable towards large firms. As a result, companies do in fact have lower costs, however, they result from the exploiting of both people and the environment.

In addition to the effect that globalization has on foreign countries, the effect that it has on the home country is also substantial. When a firm decides to manufacture its products in a nation with cheaper labor costs, all of the people employed in the home country loose their jobs. This has a tremendous effect on the economy, especially when the firms employ tens of thousands of people.

Every nation ends up giving up freedom with respect to globalization. For globalization to work, all participating nations must promote trade by reducing or eliminating any trade barriers. In turn, every nation's sovereignty is put into jeopardy. When international organizations force countries to carry out an action, such as reducing tariffs, individual governments no longer have absolute control of their nation. In addition, as consumer goods of various different nations slowly permeate throughout the world, they will diminish the traditions and cultural identity of nations through universality.

Conclusion

Since the first time that two countries traded with each other, globalization was born. Now, it is on an ever-growing path towards a free world market and a global economy. Despite the practical and inescapable benefits that globalization has brought, it has also provided a way for the rich to get richer, at the expense of the poor. It would be unreasonable to think that globalization could be stopped. The world is far to integrated to try and turn back now. Yet, it is obvious that the entire process needs to be reformed. Instead of trying to benefit everyone, globalization should try to benefit everyone more equally.

Resources

Barker, J. (000, July). International trade Weighing the advantages. Credit Management, 6-7.

Herbert, I. (000, May). Going global. Management Accounting, 78,(5) 44-45.

Stokes, B. (000, June 4). Free trades breaking out all over. National Journal(6), 00.

Barker, J. (000, July). International trade Weighing the advantages. Credit Management, 6-7.

Herbert, I. (000, May). Going global. Management Accounting, 78,(5) 44-45.

Stokes, B. (000, June 4). Free trades breaking out all over. National Journal(6), 00.

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Though the Americans had claimed victory over Britain in the American Revolution, the most difficult task was yet to come. Statesmen and delegates gathered to decide the future of the new nation. However, the delegates were torn over how this new nation should be organized. In 1777, all of the thirteen states ratified a new document called the Articles of Confederation, which, among other things, established thirteen sovereign states -- with their own governments and rights -- and one weak central government. By 1787, problems created by the Articles (such as an economic depression catalyzed by the inability of the national government to tax) could no longer be ignored. Thus the Constitutional Convention was called. Federalists, supporters of a strong federal government, presented their views, while opposing Antifederalists, supporters of sovereign states, explained their position. Delegates were also divided by the states that they represented those from states with small populations versus those from states with large populations; the delegates were further divided by states with many slaves and virtually slave-free states. With so many divisions, agreements did not come easily. Three major issues took an extra amount of effort to please everyone representation in Congress, how slaves affected the population count, and how to deal with the idea of a centralized government official. Had not the delegates accommodated each other's needs and compromised, the Constitution would not have been ratified at the time it was.

Under the Articles of Confederation each state had one vote in the single-house (unicameral) legislature, and in order to pass any law all thirteen states had to agree. Since it is very rare for a large group to unanimously consent to something especially with such heavy divisions between large and small, slave and non-slave states the central government had almost no power. This political flaw doomed the economy because the national government could not tax nor regulate trade, causing the states to plunge into economic depression.

At this point, delegates deemed it necessary to revise the Articles and settle the issue of representation, for that would cure the states' economic struggles. James Madison put forth the Virginia Plan, which proposed that representation in Congress be based on population. Being from Virginia, by far the most populous state at that time, this would benefit him and inhabitants of the large states by allowing them to have more representatives and thus more influence. In opposition, William Paterson offered the New Jersey Plan, which proposed that every state have an equal number of representatives, benefiting those from small states whose vote would count for very little if the Virginia Plan were instated. Because the council were split, a new plan was devised, called the Connecticut Compromise. This compromise created a bicameral legislature, in which representatives in the House of Representatives were elected by the people, and the number was based on the state's population; members in the Senate were appointed by the representatives in the House, and the number of members representing each state was equal. This "Great Compromise" satisfied the needs of both large and small states, and thus was readily accepted by both.

The issue of slavery followed exactly behind the issue of representation. The economy of the larger, southern states relied on the large amount of slaves. The southern states felt that the population count should include their slaves; this would allow for more representation in the House of Representatives. The northern free states objected because the slave population would increase the southern states' representation. However, population also affects taxation, and the slave states did not want to pay taxes on their slaves. This did not concern the northern states because there were very few slaves to worry about being taxed on. To please both sides, slaves were included in the population, but on a lesser scale than white citizens. Slaves were counted as three fifths of a person so that they did not greatly impact the amount of representation or taxation. This "Three Fifths Compromise" was another example of how the delegates worked together to appeal to the needs of both sides.

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Arguably the most challenging dispute to settle was that of presidency. Federalists strongly supported the idea of a three-branch (executive, judicial, and legislative) government over the solely legislative government. They felt that the nation needed a mobile government, which in turn involves a head centralized leader of some sort, to pass or veto laws, act as a diplomat (in the process of agreeing on treaties), and act as the commanding chief of the national army. To prevent this figure from becoming a dictator or monarch, the other two branches would have equal power through a system of checks and balances. This system would allow the other branches to "check" the decisions made by the president before they become final. This not only allowed the Federalists their president, but it relieved Antifederalists of their concerns of the stronger central government turning into a corrupt monarchy. Furthermore, the president would only serve four years before the next election. This allowed the public to either re-elect the president for another term or, if they did not like the president, elect a new candidate. This also lessened Antifederalist fears. Once more, the delegates had decided upon a fair compromise in which both sides' needs were met.

Because the delegates had an impeccable ability to compromise, many difficult issues were met in a way pleasing to both sides. These compromises were necessary because without them, the Constitution would not have been accepted by all the states. The divisions in delegates represented the divisions in states' needs. If the compromises had not been met to the delegates' satisfaction, they would not have met the states' needs, and thus would not have been ratified. Because the compromises were fair to both sides, thoroughly covering all important issues, the states could accept the Constitution.

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"Marber's weakness is that he sometimes gambles on hands he shouldn't.

People like Patrick and me, who play poker to escape the rest of our lives, tend occasionally to play too loose for the hell of it It's a chance to defy rules we're not supposed to defy in other areas of life"

Replace 'Marber' and 'Patrick' in this quotation with 'Mugsy' or 'Sweeney' and you may well have a definitive reflection of two of the main protagonists in Marber's first work Dealer's Choice.

From this perspective, one could assume that the play serves as a self reflective documentary of Marber's life , closer analysis proves otherwise. It is this analysis which shows us that this work is not simply a reflection of either Marber's or general 'real' life; it does in fact deviate from this whilst still representing a reality. What follows is an attempt to highlight these deviances.

Dealer's Choice is a naturalistic play, the characters serve as

Slavish and superficial copying of the detail of reality.

Not only does each character have thoughts and feelings, but they also serve as representational figures of Society as a whole, for this part, characters like Frankie Sweeney or Stephen could be viewed as symbolic.

This symbolism in characters may be best served by two of the protagonists whose names alone serve as indication of their character functions.

Mugsy, a desperate, daydreaming, simple, looser is clearly as his name suggests, a mug. Addicted to loosing, Mugsy is the personification of his own name.

"… he's straight. For all his bull-headed stupidity, for all his relentless inability to recognise his own inadequacy, that man is psychotically alive." (Act Scene 4)

Ash is the second clear example of Marber's decision to personify features of characters personality. Ash; white, withered and the charred remains of a once burning fire, all features that could be applied to the character introduced in Act .

Immediately at his introduction Ash rocks the seeming stability of the restaurant, this pattern continues as we reach the denouement of the play.

It is apparent as we learn more of the character that Ash holds within him all of the features suggested by his name. He is older than the other characters (if only slightly more aged than Stephen), his attitude gives us an impression of a withering with this age and most importantly, we are given the sense that by being a professional poker player, Ash may have had the heated past adding the final dimension to the characters name and the suggestion that his title is by no means a coincidence .

Ash is hard and relentless when discussing with Carl the repayment of his debt

"Listen fuckbrain, you go to your nice father now and you tell him what a sad sorry little prick you are for spunking all his money and you tell him the truth and you promise him you'll never gamble again because you're a fucking loser and you get my money. Now." (Act )

The plot and events within this work are carefully chosen by Marber, whilst hardly coincidental that poker is the desired choice of setting, it serves as more than just a point of enjoyment and knowledge or semi-autobiographic.

Poker is a game of deceit, lies and emotional detachment for personal gain, the action unfolds behind masks, its action from start to finish is one masquerade. However, Marber does not settle for this, he pushes these practices on slightly further, not just one level, but a conclusive second.

Marber chooses not to simply subvert the regular; he chooses not to make the characters drop their 'masks' when in reality poker players would be donning theirs, he chooses not to provide these 'masks' in the first instance.

Frankie does not portray one character through Acts One and Two to change to another in Act Three, he continues to the poker game with the same previously provided energy shown throughout the previous two Acts.

The characters through the play are simple, arguably flat characters; they are consistently recognisable to the audience.

Dealer's Choice has within it many features that whilst being regular are not simply reproductions of 'real life', it is now apparent that the characters of the play through analysis prove to be more than just facets used by Marber to push along the themes and narrative of the play .

Marber, through themes, language and the above discussed characters serve to highlight that life may not be 'Hollywood' all of the time, it hints to the audience that life is mundane and often horribly (in the case of some of the characters within Dealer's Choice) crippling .

Dealer's choice in effect does not follow the regular pattern of narrative, whilst the play does start, develop and finish on the most simple of levels; its narrative is far more complex, Dealer's Choice, it's themes, language and characters are circular, in effect, Marber has chosen the play to start, develop and start again, thus highlighting life's repetition.

The fact that Dealer's Choice does this is the final conclusive point that the play is not a simple reproduction of life.

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"You don't choose your response to art, it is given to you," insisted Clement Greenberg. Whether it was given to this man by inborn instincts or by the players and dynamic in the art world of his generation, Clement Greenberg's 'response' to art was fueled with a passion and perception that is arguably unmatched. Greenberg began pronouncing his aesthetic judgments in the 10s with a strength that lasted well into the '50s. He wrote with clarity about Modernist art, as an editor, a critic for the Nation, and throughout many of his influential essays.

Two of these essays, "Avant-Garde and Kitsch" of 1, and "Modernist Painting" of 165 are both fine examples of his meticulous and deliberate writing style as he presents, definitively, cultural-art phenomenon that, although relevant to their current art-world, have an essential history.

In "Avant-Garde and Kitsch," Greenberg discusses and concludes the caustic distinction between the elite world and deliberate difficultly of contemporary art, and the more accessible products created by and/or for the masses. Throughout Greenberg's deliberately tight essay, he speaks with stubborn confidence even of history's events and figures, and all though these are generally stable facts, I still feel he leaves little room for an important dialogue, however abstract. Let alone he should welcome the reader into a response, which is why I found it difficult, even intimidating to naturally respond to his essay. I found the climax of Greenberg's position to be contained in the the following statement. "If the avant-garde imitates the processes of art, kitsch, we now see, imitates its effects. The neatness of this antithesis is more than contrived; it corresponds to and defines the tremendous interval that separates from each other two such simultaneous cultural phenomena as the avant-garde and kitsch...this interval corresponds in turn to a social interval (pg. 15-16)." Greenberg goes on to define this society as consisting on one side, of a minority of powerful and cultivated people embracing formal culture, and on the other side, a mass of the ignorant and poor who embrace kitsch. He states, "It is a platitude that art becomes caviar to the general when the reality it imitates no longer corresponds even roughly to the reality recognized by the general (pg. 17)." Then it is not surprising that, engulfed in his own political agenda of maintaining high culture, he would come to champion Abstract Expressionism and Color Field painting, whose artists produced works that certainly did not imitate a reality recognizable to the kitsch-ridden masses, if any reality at all. Certainly, where would we be without characters, such as Greenberg, so committed to establishing the U.S. with a respectable name in the book of Art. However, where would a near absence of pop culture and the masses put us? This is not a question that Greenberg necessarily answers but only relentlessly points out the vicious cycle of kitsch culture and the masses response to it and participation in it. He fails to discuss the essential nature of this cycle in the context that its very existence makes possible the elite position that the avant-garde art occupies. It takes the existence of both to create the very distinction that he obsesses over.

To draw on another connection between the two essays in order to dissect Greenberg's position, in "Avant-Garde and Kitsch, he speaks of the medieval artist "Precisely because his content was determined in advance, the artist was free to concentrate on his medium...the artist was relieved of the necessity to be original and inventive in his 'matter' and could devote all his energy to formal problems (pg.16)." Then the "high priest of formalism" refers to an artist of this practice as a "plastic artist who paid lip service at least to the lowest common denominators of experience." I am not attempting to make any kind of standing argument with this, as there is an immediate and obvious explanation which I am discussing, simply to explore for myself and further examine Greenberg's position. The medieval artist that Greenberg refers to was assigned his subject matter, and although this allowed him to focus on formal elements, it did not free him of having to represent the universally recognizable subject matter; realistic imitation that the masses could marvel at. In addition to this, there is still the concept of the paintings imitating and applying themselves to sculptural rules and techniques. This only helps to emphasize Greenberg's commitment to the concept of flatness being the essence of the two-dimensional art form, which he discusses in "Modernist Painting." Greenberg emphasizes the pure formal elements of abstract painting, such as its flat space, monumental scale, and patches of undiluted color. He makes clear his aesthetic theory of a notion of self-reference each painting that enters the continuum of art history is a critique of painting.

Now to move away from my own response to Greenberg, and discuss how certain art movements during and after his active years reacted to Greenberg's opinions and influence. Into the 140s and 50s, Greenberg's critiques and approval became parallel with popular opinion, as many art establishments worshipped the man who claimed he could judge the artistic merit of a piece by an intuitive inventory of its formal principles. His formal critiques were very narrow and forceful. With the rise of Pop and Conceptual art in the '50s and '60s, Greenberg's ideals came to be heavily critiqued themselves by the artists and critics interested in meaning. As we discussed in class, Greenberg pronounced what he felt art should be stripped of illusionism, the artist's feelings, storytelling, etc. With a growing number of successful artists wanting to play with these very concepts, Greenberg's notions of quality and purity began to reveal themselves as conservative and self-preserving. Post Modern art of the 170s, as varied as it was, was dancing with, not only abstraction, but political and identity related agendas, a vivid language between art and life, and a breakdown of high and low art that could simply not harmonize with Greenberg's position clearly set down in "Avant-Garde and Kitsch." Greenberg continued to write about art well into the 10s, and while much of post-Greenberg art criticism is dedicated to dismantling his ideas, they are now contained in and essential to the history, dialogue, and dynamics surrounding what art is today.

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A Comparison and Contrast between Catherine and Theresa

Paddy Cheyefsky's award winning television play "Marty", takes place in an Italian district of New York City in 15. During the first act of the play, the audience is introduced to two Italian sisters, in their fifties, named Catherine and Theresa. Though Catherine and Theresa show obvious differences, the similarities lie in the heart of their old fashion need to tend to their children.

As we get to know Catherine and Theresa, it is apparent that one of their biggest differences is their attitudes about life. Catherine has a very dismal outlook on life and everything around it. From the moment we meet Catherine, she is telling Theresa how "it's a curse to be old", referring to the pains in her left side, leg, shoulder, hip and right arm (1). She also mentions her fear of looking in the mirror, "for staring back at her would be an old woman with white hair, like those ladies in the park, wrapped in black shawls and just waiting to die" (14). Later, she warns Marty of the "chill" outside and tells him to guard against catching a cold and pneumonia instead of admitting that it is a beautiful day (101).Catherine gets so depressing that Theresa finally tells her, "Catherine, you are a blanket of gloom. Wherever you go, the rain follows. Some day, you going to smile, and we going to declare a holiday" (100). Theresa, on the other hand, has a refreshing and positive outlook on life. When she goes to visit her sister Catherine, she delightfully mentions the nice postcard her son Nicky has sent her. Theresa then tells Catherine live with her and Marty (Theresa's son) because she will be much happier there and they will be very happy to have her. Although, she knows it is breaking Catherine's heart because she is not wanted in her son's home, Theresa tries to turn it into a positive situation by indicating how much more personal space Catherine will have by moving in to her house (10). When Marty begins feeling sorry for himself and calls himself ugly, believing that women are not interested in him, Theresa makes it a point to tell Marty that he is not an ugly man and persuades him to go out dancing in order to meet women (188).

Catherine and Theresa's differences not only lie in their attitudes but also in their social skills. Catherine's continuous criticisms and judgments of others keep people at an arms length. Instead of trying to help Virginia with the baby, Catherine criticizes and demeans Virginia until she is at a point of complete frustration. Virginia, finally so irate, takes a bottle of milk and throws it against the wall. Catherine then falsely accuses Virginia of trying to throw the bottle of milk at her (184). When Theresa begins to tell Catherine about the college girl that Marty has brought over the house, Catherine immediately says, "College girls are one step from the streets. They smoke like men in a saloon" (100). This is clearly an unfair judgment against a girl Catherine has not previously met. However, though they may be sisters, Theresa does not share Catherine's indifference to other people's feelings. To be exact, she is actually a very warm and understanding individual. When Virginia goes to her Aunt Theresa, practically in tears, begging for a little peace between she and her husband, Theresa, empathetic to their situation, decides to try to find a compromise. This is when she concludes that Catherine should move in with her. Though Virginia tries apologizing for behaving like such a "terrible woman", Theresa warmly tells her that her feelings are completely understandable (184-85). Yet at the same time, Theresa cannot help but to be sympathetic towards her sister's situation. Theresa realizes that Catherine is a difficult woman, but at the same time, she understands that Catherine is an old widow without a place to call home (1).

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Perhaps Catherine and Theresa's differences in social skills are what leads them to have even bigger differences in priorities. Although Catherine loves her son Tommy, it is obvious that she is more concerned with her own happiness rather than his. When Theresa goes to see Catherine at Tommy's house, the only thing Catherine talks about is herself. All she can say is, "What am I to do with myself?" and "I want to cook and I want to clean" (14). All of her sentences start with nothing else but the pronoun "I". At no point did Catherine take into account the fact that her son is married and needs his own privacy. Thankfully, Theresa has a completely different set of priorities. She is completely aware of how unhappy and lonely her son is and wants no more than to see him find a nice girl to marry. She even goes as far as asking her nephew Tommy if he knows of any nice places Marty can go to meet a girl (186).

With the many differences between Catherine and Theresa, they also share many similarities. On the surface, they are older widows who have dedicated their lives caring and nurturing their children. Now that their children are grown, Catherine and Theresa have entered the point where their children no longer need them the way they used to. Catherine's son Tommy is married and has his wife Virginia to cook and clean for him. Theresa begins to realize the possibility that Marty will eventually find a girl he wants to marry and no longer rely on his mother the same way he did before (14). Catherine and Theresa fear that this will lead to changes in their lifestyle. A change that is unfortunately sad, but inevitable. Theresa attempts to stop this change by temporarily carrying on some of her sister's undesirable traits. The day Marty is supposed to have a date with Clara, Theresa purposely insults her, hoping she can convince Marty to stop seeing her. She later realizes that her actions are wrong and regrets what she has done (101-0).

Catherine and Theresa are examples of the popular term "the odd couple." Though they may share common blood, are both widows, and may even be close in age, their differences in attitude, relationships and priorities are peculiar. However, they are somehow able to see pass these differences and understand one another only in a way siblings know how.

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I was at a crossroads in my life, finishing up high school, about to make a decision some said was the biggest I'd ever make. What to do after high school? And who better to discuss it with than a life long friend, one who had been there more times than I could count. Herman and I both shared ideas and dreams of what we wanted to do and see, some alike, some very dissimilar, but we both knew school somewhere would be the decision. I saw many of my friends, those less confident with themselves joined the military in hopes of finding there calling, for them I hope they do well, for myself military was never part of the question. I had an idea of higher education, one which was not well understood, unclear of what I might face and what failure it may result in.

Herman and I had both been pressured to go to Gonzaga University by are parents, because so many Filipinos have graduated from there successfully. We both kept it in mind as a good option and often fathomed what it might be like to attend the same school, like we had through middle and high school. Many of my classmates and friends were being accepted by large, famous Universities far from home, some for academics, some for athletics, and others with wealthy parents. For these people I had much happiness, but at the same time a slight jealousy arose wishing I had pursued a larger school. Lack of funds, laziness in the classroom, and a fear of being to far away from home pushed me away from this type of idea. Many of my closer friends were going to attend universities in Washington or California, this had created a friendly competition among us for who would be the most successful and who would have the most fun.

Another close friend of mine was Mark, a true friend from which I relied on many times. Mark and I had met in high school during a freshman geometry class, and right away we shared many of the same interests. We had played football together and also ran track in the spring, we went through computer classes together, and we got in weekend party fights together, which made it hard to separate near the summers end. Mark as well as myself had been accepted to ITT Tech. in Phoenix Arizona; this was a serious consideration for my future, to learn a growing trade with a prosperous salary. I would have the security of a good friend in a strange new place, but I just didn't know what I wanted to do! Mark spent hours trying to convince me of the job possibilities in computers, and the money I would be able to spend after only two years of school. I questioned him about what if computers didn't turn out to be my "thing" and I decided to pursue a different career. Mark had understood my concerns and continued to offer what support he could. At this point in my life, not knowing what I want to do with my uncertain future, could I spend so much money on a school that would only educate me about one thing I wasn't even sure if I really liked. I wished Mark the best of luck, knowing he would do well and assured him we'd stay in touch.

Mark left for school in early August, his phone calls to me are what caused the questions in my head, doubting I had made the right decision not to join him in Phoenix. Mark bragged about his luxurious apartment, informed me that school was going by with ease, that his school had found him a local job paying well in his field of computer networking. I was happy for him but wasn't sure if I had made the right decision to not go, here he was having so much success and I wasn't even sure what school I was going to attend! It was time for myself to make a decision. I was so close to a decision but I wasn't sure, I needed time alone to figure out what was right.

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After a nights rest at home and a solemn day at school, I decided to stop by Herman's house after class and see what he was up to. I rolled into Herman's drive way around o'clock on another beautiful spring afternoon. I parked my car beneath an old pine tree that stood about sixty feet tall. I walked around to the back of Herman's house and up to the porch where he was sitting on an old wooden swinging bench practicing a few tunes. I had come to my decision on where to attend school, and I was going to tell him. I wanted to stay on the west coast but in a different state. I was going to the Art Institute of Seattle. I walked up the stairs and sat on a chair across the deck. We talked for a while and finally we got to the question of where are you going to school. I felt relieved when he said he was thinking of an art school. I told him about AIS and we both agreed that is where we were going. We decided not to room together from stories we heard by older friends and their past experiences. At this point my mind was at rest, I had figured out the beginning of a plan for the future of my life, how much more complicated could it be I thought?

Later that same evening I went to my parents to have dinner with them, my mom usually cooks something up around 7 o'clock every night. I was going to tell them of my decision to attend The Art Institute of Seattle, I was unsure of what I wanted to be but felt that an art school was the place for my head to be. My mom hollered down stairs that dinner was ready, I went up stairs and sat beside my dad at the dinner table. We carried on a normal daily conversation discussing weather, and how my last week of school was going. I told them I was going to AIS. Both were excited I had made a decision to further my education and said they were going to help me as much as they could, they also made sure I was going to work for money and grades. I was not concerned and was aware of the sacrifices I must make and I give appreciation to my parents for their help.

As the first quarter of school went by allot happened, and allot was noticed, that of myself, my friends, and those who surrounded me. Grades were suffering but I was having a good time. I was meeting new people and enjoying my freedom Herman was doing a lot better than me, we were still close and hung out almost every day but something was changing in both of us. We talked to each other about our problems but mine could not be solved. As the time pass I began to realize that AIS wasn't the right choice for me. I promised myself I wouldn't quit school and move back home. So I took a quarter off and began working, my parents and I discussed the situation and they recommended to me that I take some classes at a community college. I chose SSCC based on recommendations from my girlfriend. Now I think I will go ahead and pursue a career in computers and see where South Seattle will lead me.

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In the short story, "The Old Chief Mshlanga" by Doris Lessing, the author recounts a personal experience during a time when Africans were colonized and brutally treated by the usurpative white owners. The protagonist, Nkosikaas had once been an unquestioning usurpative owner among all the other whites. By meeting with the Old Chief Mshlanga, Nkosikaas realized the cruelty of the whites and the possibility to treat blacks and whites equally. Through Lessing's vivid descriptions of the various settings, she manifestly indicates the fact that Nkosikaas and all the whites are intruders and do not possess the Southern African lands.

Although Nkosikaas, along with all the other whites, lives in an African society and has the power to demand the blacks to do unreasonable harsh works, she lives in total isolation. The story opens with the description of the family farm of the "white child," Nkosikaas. It's "like every white farm…largely unused, broken only occasionally by small patches of cultivation…nothing but trees and the long sparse grass." Nkosikaas' world is "white," lonely and empty. It's a world of isolation because there's nothing except a plain, flat field with a lack of cultivation and "sparse" grass and only "white" is present. There are no blacks in sight. Nkosikaas was not allowed to communicate with the blacks because they are just things for her to use; and "for if she talked to one of them, her mother would come running anxiously 'Come away; you mustn't talk to natives.' " Nkosikaas is very lonely; she does not even have any white companions, for only "on the rare occasions," the white children would meet. And if they did meet, they would only "amuse themselves by hailing a passing native in order to make a buffoon of him." Nkosikaas, along with all other the whites, does not have any interactions with the blacks, for they are perceived "as remote as the trees and the rocks (non-humans and things)." When Nkosikaas goes to the village of Chief Mshlanga, she feels an "urgent helpless desire to get to know these men and women as people," but she cannot express it just as Chief Mshlanga is "unable to find the right forms of courtesy for the occasion (that Nkosikaas is visiting their village)." The reason such a tension is created is that there has never been an occurrence like this. The whites never tried to befriend the natives, and the natives were never allowed to communicate with the whites except "Yes, Baas" when they are ordered to work. The "white," empty surroundings around Nkosikaas evidently indicate total non-communication and isolation.

Nkosikaas, along with all the whites, feels superior to the natives by treating them as things rather than humans who have feelings also, however, this superiority is achieved by the possession of weapons. Nkosikaas always carries a gun and two dogs when she walks around the farm because they are "an armour against fear." Her fear is not merely of wild animals but of the "dangerous" natives. When Nkosikaas walks towards the Old Chief's territory, she does not have the gun and the protection of her dogs. Thus, "Fear possessed me (her)" and "Panic seized me (her)." She does not know what the suppressed blacks would do to her when she does not have the weapons to force them to bow to her and to clear the path for her. Without weapons, Nkosikaas, along with all the other whites, loses her power to harass the natives. Without this power, she is just a migrant from the white world that has no control of the African lands. She would have no rights to demand the natives to obey her because she's an alien who does not belong to the African lands. The guns and the dogs serve as a veil, and without it, Nkosikaas and the whites would lose their sense of superiority.

When the whites harshly manipulate the natives as things and non-humans, they fail to recognize that they are actually inferior to the natives because they are disrespectful to the environment and to the natives, who are the actual owner of the lands. As Nkosikaas comes upon the Old Chief's world, she sees huts "lovingly decorated," "dogs lay sleeping on the grass," "neat patches of mealies and pumpkins and millet," and thatches "tied in place with plaits of straw." The loveliness, neatness, fruitfulness, and warmness are all what Nkosikaas' world lacks. The Old Chief's territory serves as an extreme contrast to Nkosikaas' "dirty and neglected," "largely unused," empty "white" and "sparse" farm compound. The contrast clearly reveals that the natives have complete love and understanding of their own land whereas the whites do not. The natives take care of their own land much better than the whites do. It also signifies that the beauty of the village of the natives contains hundreds of years of work. The natives are the descendants of that beauty. On the contrary, the whites' farm is just "a temporary home for migrants who had no roots in it." If this were a place passed down from the whites' ancestors, then the whites would do all their might in order to sustain their home. However, they lay the farm "largely unused" and broken with "small patches of cultivation." When Nkosikaas encounters Chief Mshlanga, she finds her voice "truculent" and finds "politeness difficult, from lack of use." However, Chief Mshlanga's company "stepped forward politely" and spoke English "carefully." The Chief and his company "showed courtesy, and I (she) showed none." Since the whites perceive the natives as things, non-humans, and savages, this incident would ironically imply that the whites are worse than things, non-humans, and savages. The whites claim the African lands as their own; however, they make no obligations to prove that the land should be theirs.

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In any perspective, whether it's isolation, the veil of superiority, or the failure to be better than the natives and take roots of the African lands, Doris Lessing thunderously denotes that the whites do not belong to these lands and they never will. Lessing suggests isolation by describing Nkosikaas' "white" and barren farm; she suggests the veil of superiority by adding or subtracting the guns and the dogs as Nkosikaas' possessions; and she suggests the whites' failure to prove that they are better by contrasting the beauty of the Chief's territory and the ugliness of Nkosikaas' farm compound. Apparently, the descriptions of settings contribute greatly to the meaning and the content of the short story. Therefore, various settings are an integral part of a piece of literary work.

Please note that this sample paper on THey Really don't belong is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on THey Really don't belong, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on THey Really don't belong will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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