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Communication, Meaning, and Signs

In chapter , emphasis is placed on the idea of communication as the generation of a meaning. In order for communication to take place, a message must be created out of signs. The message that is sent makes the receiver create his/her own meaning that is related to the meaning intended in the original message. The models in chapter are not linear; they are structural models. They focus on the set of relationships that enable a message to produce a meaning.

The center of this focus is the sign, which can be studied by semiotics. Semiotics is the study of signs and the way they work and can be broken down into three separate areas of study. The first is the sign itself and the different ways that meaning can be conveyed through it. Secondly we look at how the signs are organized through codes, or systems. Thirdly, the culture within which these codes and signs operate is studied. In semiotics, the receiver plays a more active role.

The first model of meaning that is introduced is that of C.S. Peirce. In Peirce's triangular model, a sign refers to the object, and it effects the mind of the interpretant. The interpretant is not the user of the sign, but is a mental concept of the user of the sign.

Cheap University Papers on Communication, Meaning, and Signs

Ogden and Richards produce a triangular model of meaning much like Peirce's. In this model, the referent is similar to Peirce's "object", the reference to his "interpretant," and the symbol to his "sign." The referent and reference are directly connected, as are the symbol and reference. The symbol is in the key position, organizing and directing our thoughts, or references. Our references organize our perception of reality.

Lastly, we see the triangular model of Ferdinand de Sassure. Being a linguist, Sassure was primarily interested in the relationship between words and other signs. The emphasis in his model is placed on the sign itself. The sign is a physical object with a meaning. Sassure believed that a sign consisted of a signifier and a signified. The signifier is how we perceive a sign's image, and the signified is the mental concept that is referred by it.

The sign is essential to any real understanding of semiotics. Peirce and Sassure both realized this. Peirce divided signs into three different categories. They are the icon, index, and symbol. An icon is something that resembles its object. For example, a map is an icon. An index is a sign with a direct connection with its object. The book uses the example of a sneeze being an index of a head cold. Lastly, a symbol is a sign whose connection with its object is a matter of convention, agreement, or rule. Sassure analyzes the sign by focusing on the relationship of the signified to reality. He created two ways to organize signs into codes. The first is by paradigms, which is when a particular sign is chosen out of a certain set. The second is by the way of syntagmatics. In this case, the chosen signs are combined.

Convention is also necessary to the understanding of signs. It is the social dimension of a sign and its presence is necessary to communicate.

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